發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-05 20:46

【摘要】：目的:了解新疆煤礦工人職業(yè)緊張和身心健康的現(xiàn)狀及其影響因素,為煤礦工人身心健康制定有效的預(yù)防措施與策略提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:采取整群抽樣的方法,對(duì)某地1400名工齡一年以上的煤礦工人進(jìn)行一般人口學(xué)問卷、付出-回報(bào)失衡問卷(ERI)、抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)、職業(yè)倦怠感量表(MBI)等調(diào)查,同時(shí)隨機(jī)抽取508名煤礦工人進(jìn)行職業(yè)健康體檢。結(jié)果:1.此次研究共發(fā)放1400份問卷,有效問卷1334份,有效率為95.28%。2.不同性別和輪班狀況的煤礦工人ERI各模塊得分不同(P0.05),男性高于女性,兩班倒高于其他組;不同民族的工人在工作付出、投入上得分不同(P0.05);工齡?30組的人群工作投入得分最高,且隨著工齡的增加,工作回報(bào)得分越高;運(yùn)輸操作工的工作付出得分最低,安監(jiān)工的工作回報(bào)得分最高;不同年收入的工人僅在工作付出得分上有差異(P0.05);不同民族、工齡、工種和文化程度的煤礦工人付出-回報(bào)比ERI有差異(P0.05)。3.煤礦工人累計(jì)中度及以上程度職業(yè)倦怠的檢出率為51.1%。男性人群職業(yè)倦怠水平高于女性;漢族人群的情感耗竭得分高于少數(shù)民族;隨著工齡的增加,情感耗竭得分、人格解體得分和職業(yè)倦怠總得分也隨著增加;三班兩倒人群的情感耗竭得分、人格解體得分和職業(yè)倦怠總得分最高;不同文化程度人群在職業(yè)倦怠總分上不同(P0.05);不同年收入人群僅在成就感降低上的得分不同(P0.05);安監(jiān)工的情感耗竭得分、人格解體得分和職業(yè)倦怠總得分最高;隨著職業(yè)緊張水平的增加,職業(yè)倦怠水平也伴隨著增加。4.煤礦工人抑郁癥狀的發(fā)生率為35.5%。不同性別、工種、倒班情況的煤礦工人抑郁癥狀發(fā)生率不同(P0.05),男性工人高于女性,安監(jiān)工和兩班倒人群的抑郁癥狀發(fā)生率最高;職業(yè)緊張水平和職業(yè)倦怠程度越高,抑郁癥狀檢出率越高。5.職業(yè)倦怠與職業(yè)緊張呈正相關(guān);抑郁與工作付出、內(nèi)在投入、情感耗竭及人格解體呈正相關(guān),與工作回報(bào)和成就感降低呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.001)。6.性別、工齡、工作付出和ERI是影響煤礦工人職業(yè)倦怠的主要因素;工齡、輪班、工作付出、工作回報(bào)、ERI、情感耗竭、人格解體和職業(yè)倦怠水平是影響煤礦工人抑郁癥狀的主要因素(P0.05)。7.生理健康異常檢出率排序前五的是高血脂、高血壓、心電圖異常、肝功能異常和脂肪肝。不同工齡、工種、婚姻狀況、年收入、飲酒情況和體質(zhì)指數(shù)的煤礦工人高血脂檢出率有差異(P0.05);不同工齡組、工種、輪班情況、婚姻狀況、飲酒情況和體質(zhì)指數(shù)的煤礦工人高血壓檢出率不同(P0.05);不同文化程度和體質(zhì)指數(shù)的煤礦工人心電圖異常率不同(P0.05);不同性別、飲酒情況和體質(zhì)指數(shù)的煤礦工人肝功能異常率不同(P0.05);不同工齡、輪班情況、年收入、飲酒情況和體質(zhì)指數(shù)的煤礦工人脂肪肝檢出率不同(P0.05);隨著工齡的增加,高血脂、高血壓及脂肪肝的檢出率隨之增大;經(jīng)常飲酒和肥胖人群的高血脂、高血壓、肝功能異常及脂肪肝檢出率最高;職業(yè)緊張水平高的人群,高血壓檢出率高;隨著職業(yè)倦怠水平的增加,高血脂的檢出率也隨之增大;隨著抑郁水平的增加,高血壓的檢出率也隨之升高,而高血脂的檢出率卻降低。8.年齡、年收入、BMI是高血脂的危險(xiǎn)因素;年齡、輪班、飲酒、BMI、ERI和抑郁程度是高血壓的危險(xiǎn)因素;工齡和BMI是心電圖異常的危險(xiǎn)因素;輪班、吸煙、飲酒、年收入和BMI是脂肪肝的危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論:煤礦工人的職業(yè)緊張狀況較嚴(yán)重;職業(yè)緊張程度越高,心理衛(wèi)生狀態(tài)越差;心血管疾病和肝臟疾病是防治的重點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Objective: To understand the status quo and influencing factors of occupational stress and physical and mental health of coal miners in Xinjiang, and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective preventive measures and strategies for their physical and mental health. At the same time, 508 coal miners were randomly sampled for occupational health examination. Results: 1. 1400 questionnaires were sent out in this study, 1334 valid questionnaires, the effective rate was 95.28%. 2. Different gender and shift status of coal miners had different scores of each module of ERI (P 0.05), and men had different scores (P 0.05). Higher than women, the two shifts are higher than other groups; workers of different nationalities have different scores on work effort and investment (P There were significant differences in the scores of work-related burnout (P 0.05) among the coal miners of different nationalities, ages, types of work and educational levels (P 0.05). Minority nationalities; with the increase of working age, emotional exhaustion score, personality disintegration score and total burnout score also increased; the emotional exhaustion score, personality disintegration score and total burnout score of the three shifts and two shifts group were the highest; the total score of job burnout was different in different educational level group (P 0.05); different income group was only in the sense of achievement. The scores of emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration and job burnout were the highest among the safety supervisors. With the increase of occupational stress, the level of job burnout also increased. 4. The incidence of depressive symptoms in coal miners was 35.5%. The incidence of depressive symptoms in coal miners with different sex, type of work and shift work was 35.5%. Different (P 0.05), male workers were higher than female workers, and the incidence of depressive symptoms was the highest among safety supervisors and two shift workers; the higher the level of occupational stress and burnout, the higher the detection rate of depressive symptoms. Sex, length of service, work effort and ERI were the main factors affecting the job burnout of coal miners; length of service, shift, work effort, work return, ERI, emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration and job burnout were the main factors affecting the depressive symptoms of coal miners (P 0.05). The first five rankings were hyperlipidemia, hypertension, abnormal electrocardiogram, abnormal liver function and fatty liver. The detection rates of hyperlipidemia were different among coal miners with different working years, types of work, marital status, annual income, drinking status and body mass index (P 0.05); coal miners with different working age groups, types of work, shift status, marital status, drinking status and body mass index (BMI). The detection rate of hypertension was different (P 0.05); the abnormal rate of ECG was different in coal miners with different education level and body mass index (P 0.05); the abnormal rate of liver function was different in coal miners with different sex, drinking status and body mass index (P 0.05); the detection rate of fatty liver was not significant in coal miners with different working age, shift status, annual income, drinking status and body mass index. The same (P 0.05); with the increase of working age, the detection rate of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and fatty liver increased; the detection rate of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, abnormal liver function and fatty liver was the highest in people who often drink alcohol and obesity; the detection rate of hypertension was high in people with high occupational stress level; the detection rate of hyperlipidemia was also high with the increase of occupational burnout level. Age, annual income, BMI are the risk factors of hyperlipidemia; age, shift, drinking, BMI, ERI and depression are the risk factors of hypertension; length of service and BMI are the risk factors of abnormal ECG; shift, smoking, drinking, years Income and BMI were the risk factors of fatty liver. Conclusion: The occupational stress of coal miners was serious, the higher the occupational stress, the worse the mental health status. Cardiovascular disease and liver disease were the focus of prevention and treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R135

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