【摘要】：目的 通過(guò)對(duì)洛陽(yáng)市9縣(市)農(nóng)村飲用水集中式供水工程監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,從衛(wèi)生學(xué)角度對(duì)洛陽(yáng)市農(nóng)村地區(qū)生活飲用水的水質(zhì)狀況以及相關(guān)影響因素進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的主要飲水衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題。同時(shí)結(jié)合2009-2011年腸道傳染病的發(fā)病情況,對(duì)洛陽(yáng)市農(nóng)村地區(qū)飲用水安全的現(xiàn)況進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)與分析,為有關(guān)決策部門制定科學(xué)有效的衛(wèi)生防病措施提供依據(jù)。 方法 按分層隨機(jī)抽樣原則選擇洛陽(yáng)市9縣(市)(含縣城)農(nóng)村集中式供水供水量達(dá)20噸/日以上的農(nóng)村飲水安全集中式供水工程的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,分別于枯水期、豐水期采集水樣,進(jìn)行水質(zhì)感官性狀、一般化學(xué)指標(biāo)、毒理學(xué)、細(xì)菌學(xué)指標(biāo)檢測(cè)。spss12.0軟件分析該9縣(市)2009-2011年腸道傳染病的時(shí)間分布、人群分布及地區(qū)分布等,并對(duì)2009-2011年農(nóng)村飲用水水質(zhì)合格率與腸道傳染病發(fā)病率的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析。 結(jié)果 1.2011年洛陽(yáng)市農(nóng)村地區(qū)集中式供水水源以地下深井水為主,占56.79%；在本次調(diào)查的243個(gè)農(nóng)村安全飲水工程中,僅有22個(gè)供水點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了凈化和消毒處理,占9.05%,其余供水點(diǎn)只采取了沉淀、過(guò)濾或消毒部分處理。對(duì)9縣(市)豐水期、枯水期的出廠水和末梢水進(jìn)行檢測(cè),檢測(cè)合格率最高86.45%,最低23.00%。其中臭和味均無(wú)超標(biāo)；各項(xiàng)檢測(cè)指標(biāo)中色度、氯化物、砷均不超標(biāo)；而總大腸菌群除孟津縣、汝陽(yáng)縣外其余縣區(qū)均出現(xiàn)超標(biāo)。 2.洛陽(yáng)市9縣(市)腸道傳染病發(fā)病率情況：洛寧縣呈下降趨勢(shì),2009年最高,逐年下降；孟津縣、新安縣、欒川縣、嵩縣、汝陽(yáng)縣、宜陽(yáng)縣和偃師市發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì),2011年最高,逐年上升；伊川縣呈現(xiàn)上下波動(dòng)趨勢(shì)。2009-2011年9縣(市)腸道傳染病發(fā)病主要年齡組均為0-5歲組,重點(diǎn)人群均為散居兒童和農(nóng)民。 3.未觀察到洛陽(yáng)9縣(市)2009-2011年農(nóng)村飲用水水質(zhì)合格率與腸道傳染病發(fā)病率有相關(guān)性。 結(jié)論 1.洛陽(yáng)市9縣(市)農(nóng)村地區(qū)飲用水問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)為：一般化學(xué)指標(biāo)中的總硬度、硫酸鹽、溶解性總固體、鐵超標(biāo),毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)中的氟化物、硝酸鹽超標(biāo),微生物學(xué)指標(biāo)中總大腸菌群、菌落總數(shù)、耐熱大腸菌群超標(biāo)。 2.洛陽(yáng)市9縣(市)腸道傳染病發(fā)病重點(diǎn)人群為0-5歲年齡組以及散居兒童和農(nóng)民；因此要加強(qiáng)介水傳染病的監(jiān)測(cè),尤其是對(duì)重點(diǎn)人群的防控。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the monitoring data of rural drinking water centralized water supply project in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang City. The quality of drinking water in rural areas of Luoyang city was evaluated from the point of view of hygiene, and the main drinking water sanitation problems were found. Combined with the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases from 2009 to 2011, the present situation of drinking water safety in rural areas of Luoyang City was comprehensively evaluated and analyzed, which provided the basis for the relevant decision-making departments to formulate scientific and effective health and disease prevention measures. Methods according to the principle of stratified random sampling, the water quality monitoring results of rural drinking water safety centralized water supply project in 9 counties (including county towns) in Luoyang were analyzed. Water samples were collected during dry and high water periods to analyze the time distribution, population distribution and regional distribution of intestinal infectious diseases in the nine counties (cities) from 2009 to 2011 by using the software .spss12.0 to detect the sensory properties, general chemical indexes, toxicology and bacteriological indexes of water quality. The correlation between the qualified rate of drinking water quality and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in rural areas from 2009 to 2011 was analyzed. Results 1. In 2011, the main source of centralized water supply in rural areas of Luoyang city was underground deep well water, accounting for 56.79%. Of 243 rural safe drinking water projects investigated, only 22 water supply sites were purified and disinfected. Account for 9.05, the rest of the water point only take precipitation, filtration or disinfection part of the treatment. In the high water season and dry season of 9 counties (cities), the qualified rate was 86.45% and 23.00% respectively. Among them, the odor and taste were not exceeded the standard; the chroma, chloride and arsenic were not exceeded; and the total coliform bacteria, except Mengjin county and Ruyang county, were all over the standard. 2. 2. Incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang City: the incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases in Luoning County showed a downward trend, which was the highest in 2009, and decreased year by year; the incidence rate in Mengjin County, Xin'an County, Luanchuan County, Song County, Ruyang County, Yiyang County and Yanshi County showed an upward trend, and reached its highest level in 2011. The main age groups of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) from 2009 to 2011 were 0-5 years old, and the key population were scattered children and farmers. No correlation was observed between the qualified rate of drinking water quality and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang from 2009 to 2011. Conclusion 1. The main problems of drinking water in rural areas in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang are as follows: total hardness, sulfate, soluble solids, iron exceeding standard, fluoride and nitrate in toxicological indexes. The total coliform group, colony total and heat resistant coliform group in microbiological indexes exceed the standard. 2. 2. The key population of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang is the age group of 0-5 years as well as the scattered children and farmers, so it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of water-borne diseases, especially the prevention and control of the key population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R123.5

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