【摘要】：目的：本研究旨在通過對城市居民膳食和生活方式等數(shù)據(jù)信息進行分析,了解天津城區(qū)居民營養(yǎng)狀況和健康水平,掌握主要慢性病危險因素分布特點,對比研究膳食和生活方式的變化情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)高危人群及主要的危險因素,為政府部門有針對性的制定和調(diào)整相應(yīng)的政策提供依據(jù),從而采取更好的干預(yù)措施。 方法：采取分層隨機整群抽樣方法抽取6個居委會的75個居民戶的常住居民進行調(diào)查,調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括詢問調(diào)查、醫(yī)學(xué)體檢、實驗室檢測。采用SPSS15.0統(tǒng)計軟件包,依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的分布特點運用卡方檢驗、t檢驗、非條件logistic回歸分析等統(tǒng)計方法對數(shù)據(jù)進行整理分析。 結(jié)果：與2002年相比,2010年城區(qū)居民的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)有所改善。對健康有益的食物如蔬菜、魚蝦類、奶類、豆類及堅果的平均攝入量有所增加,年增長速度分別為5.3%、0.1%、2.6%、2.8%；油脂類和鹽的攝入量下降,人均攝入量分別為25.4g和7.5g；谷薯類的攝入量增長迅速,超出了推薦攝入量89.1g；肉類攝入量超過推薦的25%；蛋類攝入量保持在62.5g左右。男性谷薯類、肉類攝入量高于女性；18-44歲人群蔬菜水果、豆類攝入量最低,奶類攝入量最高；年齡大者食鹽攝入量高。大多數(shù)維生素和礦物質(zhì)攝入量也較2002年接近推薦攝入量。膳食纖維、維生素A、硫胺素、核黃素、煙酸、VC攝入量分別增加到11g、442μgRE、0.9mg、1.0mg、16mg、83mg,其中青年人膳食纖維攝入最低；鐵、鉀、鋅的攝入量達(dá)到了適宜水平；鈣的攝入量增加到477g,為推薦攝入量的60%；鈉的攝入量卻是推薦量的2倍。高脂肪、高蛋白、低碳水化合物是膳食結(jié)構(gòu)的主要特點。調(diào)查對象標(biāo)化超重率由39.2%上升到41.9%,標(biāo)化肥胖率從20.7%下降到19.7%,中老年男性超重、肥胖率均上升,女性超重率有下降趨勢；高血壓、糖尿病、血脂異常的患病率均呈上升趨勢,分別達(dá)到45.6%、10.3%、28.4%,中老年人及男性是高血壓、糖尿病的高危人群,女性及中青年人群是血脂異常的高危人群。高血壓患病率最高,多因素非條件logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),高血壓危險因素包括年齡45歲及以上、吸煙、超重、肥胖、油脂攝入大于30克,保護性因素有尼克酸的攝入量高和體重減輕。慢性病生活方式危險因素水平較2002年有所改善,但仍處于較高水平。吸煙率從30.1%下降到23.0%,女性及18-44歲人群下降的最多；被動吸煙率從40.5%上升到43.5%,以中年人上升比例最高；標(biāo)化飲酒率從20.4%下降到14.5%,主要是青年男性飲酒率下降；體育鍛煉率由38.2%上升到77.5%；標(biāo)化睡眠不足率從39.0%下降到18.8%,45-59歲人群睡眠質(zhì)量提高最多�；几哐獕赫卟扇∷幬镏委煹谋壤�75.3%上升到90.6%,其中年齡大者和女性治療率較高；糖尿病知曉率、知曉者治療率分別上升到74.5%、90.9%,但控制率下降到41.7%,男性控制率較女性好,青年人群知曉率和治療率均最低,控制率最好；血脂異常知曉率、治療率、控制率較2002年均有所下降,女性和老年人治療率相對較高,青年人控制率較好。 結(jié)論：天津城區(qū)居民的多種食物的攝入量較2002年增加,動物性食物攝入超標(biāo)；膳食結(jié)構(gòu)和慢性病危險因素較2002年有所改善和降低,但改變的力度不足,慢性病患病率依然上升,但青年人患病率下降；預(yù)防和治療慢性病應(yīng)更多的從改變膳食和生活方式開始；45歲及以上、肥胖、吸煙、高油脂攝入是高血壓的危險因素；中老年人和男性是慢性病的高危人群；建議政府應(yīng)創(chuàng)建健康支持性環(huán)境,加強對重點人群的干預(yù)與管理。
[Abstract]:Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the nutritional status and health status of urban residents in Tianjin by analyzing the dietary and lifestyle data of urban residents, to understand the distribution characteristics of major chronic disease risk factors, to compare the changes of diet and lifestyle, and to find out the high-risk groups and major risk factors for the government departments. It will provide a basis for formulating and adjusting policies accordingly, so as to take better intervention measures.
Methods: 75 resident households of 6 neighborhood committees were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method for investigation, including inquiry survey, medical examination and laboratory test. Collation and analysis of data.
Results: Compared with 2002, the dietary structure of urban residents improved in 2010. The average intake of healthy foods such as vegetables, fish and shrimp, milk, legumes and nuts increased by 5.3%, 0.1%, 2.6% and 2.8% respectively. The intake of oil and salt decreased by 25.4 g and 7.5 g respectively. The intake increased rapidly, exceeding the recommended intake of 89.1 g; meat intake exceeded the recommended intake of 25%; eggs intake remained at about 62.5 g. Male cereals and potatoes, meat intake was higher than female; 18-44 year-old people had the lowest intake of vegetables and fruits, legumes and milk; older people had the highest intake of salt. The intake of dietary fiber, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, VC increased to 11 g, 442 UG RE, 0.9 mg, 1.0 mg, 16 mg, 83 mg respectively, with the lowest intake of dietary fiber in young people; the intake of iron, potassium and zinc reached the appropriate level; the intake of calcium increased to 477 g, the recommended intake. High fat, high protein and low carbohydrate are the main characteristics of dietary structure. The standardized overweight rate of the subjects increased from 39.2% to 41.9%, and the standardized obesity rate decreased from 20.7% to 19.7%. The overweight rate of middle-aged and old men and obesity rate increased, while the overweight rate of women declined. The prevalence of urinary diseases and dyslipidemia increased to 45.6%, 10.3% and 28.4% respectively. The elderly and men were high-risk groups for hypertension and diabetes mellitus, while women and young and middle-aged people were high-risk groups for dyslipidemia. Smoking, overweight, obesity, fat intake more than 30 grams, protective factors are high intake of nicotinic acid and weight loss. The level of lifestyle risk factors for chronic diseases has improved from 2002, but is still at a higher level. The rate of standardized drinking dropped from 20.4% to 14.5%, mainly among young men; the rate of physical exercise increased from 38.2% to 77.5%; the rate of standardized sleep deprivation decreased from 39.0% to 18.8%, and the sleep quality of people aged 45-59 improved the most. The proportion of people with hypertension taking medication was 75.3%. The awareness rate of diabetes mellitus increased to 74.5% and 90.9% respectively, but the control rate dropped to 41.7%. The male control rate was better than the female. The awareness rate and treatment rate of young people were the lowest, and the control rate was the best. The awareness rate of abnormal blood lipid, treatment rate and control rate of diabetes mellitus were all the highest in 2002. The rate of treatment for women and the elderly is relatively high, and the control rate of young people is better.
Conclusion: The intake of various foods in Tianjin urban area increased compared with 2002, and the intake of animal food exceeded the standard; the dietary structure and risk factors of chronic diseases were improved and decreased, but the change was insufficient, the prevalence of chronic diseases was still rising, but the prevalence of young people was declining; prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should be changed more. It is suggested that the government should create a healthy supportive environment to strengthen the intervention and management of key groups.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R151.41

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 汲進梅;農(nóng)村慢性非傳染性疾病控制機制研究[D];山東大學(xué);2009年

2 李友衛(wèi);農(nóng)村居民慢性非傳染性疾病經(jīng)濟風(fēng)險及其影響因素和風(fēng)險管理策略研究[D];山東大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2183287