低聚糖對嬰兒腸道菌群的益生功能
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-10 18:29
【摘要】：自二十世紀(jì)七十年代,隨著科學(xué)家對膳食纖維的研究不斷深入,人們對可溶性膳食纖維低聚糖的興趣日益增加。對于嬰幼兒來說,母乳喂養(yǎng)作為最好的喂養(yǎng)方式被給予極高評價和推廣,母乳中除多種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)外,富含百余種低聚糖,對嬰兒腸道營養(yǎng)素的吸收、大便次數(shù)及形狀的改變起著重要的作用。 當(dāng)母乳喂養(yǎng)不能滿足嬰兒需求的時候,母乳替代品即嬰兒配方奶粉就起到必不可少的作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒糞便中雙歧桿菌和乳酸桿菌占優(yōu)勢,人工喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒糞便中則以大腸埃希菌、腸球菌為優(yōu)勢,雙歧桿菌等益生菌建立相對延遲。這是由于母乳中含有可以促進(jìn)雙歧桿菌等益生菌菌群生長的低聚糖,是目前無法體外合成的復(fù)雜生長因子。因此,向母乳替代品中添加具有母乳低聚糖生物功能的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)成為重要的研究方向。 臨床上,廣譜抗生素的使用也會對嬰兒體內(nèi)固有的腸道菌群造成刺激,從而可能打破腸道菌群原有的平衡,引起嬰兒消化不良甚至導(dǎo)致腸道感染等疾病。低聚糖對機體腸道菌群的平衡具有良好的調(diào)節(jié)作用。 本研究采集完全母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的糞便進(jìn)行相應(yīng)分析,主要測定了糞便中的水分含量和脂肪酸含量,說明了以母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒代謝物中含有較高的持水物質(zhì),并且含有一定量不易消化的脂肪酸。利用嬰兒糞便中的菌群對分別添加低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖作為碳源的培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行體外發(fā)酵實驗,結(jié)果表明,倆種低聚糖均能被雙歧桿菌和乳酸菌所利用,主要代謝產(chǎn)物是乳酸、乙酸和丙酸。而實驗中未添加低聚糖的倆個對照組中雙歧桿菌和乳酸菌的數(shù)量增加較實驗組變化幅度較小。 本文利用小鼠動物實驗評價了低聚糖對抗生素性腸道菌群失衡的調(diào)節(jié)作用。四周大昆明小鼠實驗前,采用自由飲用鹽酸克林霉素蔗糖溶液(2.8mg/mL)5天的方法造成小鼠腸道菌群失衡的模型。再將低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖制成1：1的混合溶液對腸道菌群失衡模型的小鼠灌胃,使用平板計數(shù)法對小鼠糞便優(yōu)勢菌群進(jìn)行選擇性培養(yǎng)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)低聚糖能有效促進(jìn)腸道益生菌雙歧桿菌和乳酸菌的數(shù)量增加,評價了低聚糖混合溶液對小鼠腸道菌群失衡模型的調(diào)節(jié)作用,并初步確定其發(fā)揮作用的有效劑量。 實驗具體結(jié)果如下： (1)通過對嬰兒糞便的水分含量的測定,發(fā)現(xiàn)母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒糞便中的水分含量比較高,達(dá)到83.79%。由于母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的腸道菌群健康平衡,大量益生菌代謝產(chǎn)生的脂肪酸的種類較多,主要多為中長鏈脂肪酸。 (2)通過對嬰兒糞便菌群的體外發(fā)酵實驗,表明低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖對嬰兒腸道中雙歧桿菌和乳酸菌有促進(jìn)生長繁殖的作用,低聚糖經(jīng)過腸道益生菌代謝產(chǎn)生的短鏈脂肪酸主要包括乳酸、乙酸和丙酸等,這些脂肪酸可以改變腸道環(huán)境,調(diào)節(jié)腸道pH值。 (3)動物實驗中,小鼠灌胃低聚糖溶液后,腸道各菌群的數(shù)量均恢復(fù)到正常水平,說明低聚糖對小鼠抗生素性腸道菌群失衡具有一定的調(diào)節(jié)作用。這種調(diào)節(jié)作用的原因可能是小鼠腸道益生菌利用低聚糖代謝產(chǎn)生的短鏈脂肪酸改變了腸道環(huán)境,并抑制了腸球菌和腸桿菌等有害菌的增殖。 以上結(jié)果表明,低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖均具有增加腸道厭氧菌數(shù)量,促進(jìn)雙歧桿菌、乳酸菌的生長繁殖,并抑制腸桿菌等條件致病菌繁殖的作用。倆種低聚糖的混合溶液對小鼠抗生素性腸道菌群失衡有良好的調(diào)節(jié)作用。綜合上述結(jié)果,可以初步確定低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖均適合添加到嬰兒食品中,可以防止嬰兒便秘,維持腸道益生菌的優(yōu)勢地位,保護(hù)嬰兒腸道環(huán)境正常生長。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, with the deepening of research on dietary fiber by scientists, people are increasingly interested in soluble dietary fiber oligosaccharides. For infants and young children, breastfeeding as the best way of feeding has been highly valued and promoted. Breast milk is rich in more than 100 kinds of oligosaccharides, in addition to a variety of nutrients, for infants. The absorption of intestinal nutrients, the change of stool frequency and shape play an important role.
When breast-feeding fails to meet the needs of infants, breast milk substitutes, i.e. infant formula, play an essential role. Studies have found that bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus predominate in feces of breast-fed infants, while probiotics such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacteria predominate in feces of artificially fed infants. This is because breast milk contains oligosaccharides that promote the growth of probiotic bacteria such as bifidobacteria, which are complex growth factors that can not be synthesized in vitro.
Clinically, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can also stimulate the intestinal flora inherent in infants, which may break the original balance of intestinal flora, cause infantile dyspepsia and even cause intestinal infections. Oligosaccharides have a good regulatory effect on the balance of intestinal flora.
The feces of breast-fed infants were collected and analyzed in this study. The water content and fatty acid content in the feces were determined. The results showed that the metabolites of breast-fed infants contained high water-holding substances and a certain amount of non-digestible fatty acids. The results showed that both oligosaccharides could be utilized by bifidobacteria and lactobacillus. The main metabolites were lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. Smaller.
The effects of oligosaccharides on the imbalance of intestinal flora induced by antibiotics were evaluated in mice. The imbalance model of intestinal flora in mice was established by free drinking of clindamycin hydrochloride sucrose solution (2.8mg/mL) for 5 days before the experiment in Kunming mice. The results showed that oligosaccharides could effectively increase the number of intestinal probiotics bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The regulating effect of oligosaccharides mixed solution on intestinal flora imbalance model in mice was evaluated and preliminarily confirmed. The effective dose that determines its function.
The results are as follows:
(1) Through the determination of water content in infant feces, it was found that the water content in the feces of breast-fed infants was relatively high, reaching 83.79%. Due to the healthy balance of intestinal flora in breast-fed infants, a large number of probiotics metabolized fatty acids, mainly long-chain fatty acids.
(2) Fermentation experiments in vitro showed that fructooligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides could promote the growth and reproduction of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of infants. Short-chain fatty acids produced by oligosaccharides metabolized by intestinal probiotics mainly included lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, which could change the intestinal environment. Regulate intestinal pH.
(3) In animal experiment, the number of intestinal flora returned to normal level after administration of oligosaccharide solution in mice, indicating that oligosaccharide could regulate the imbalance of intestinal flora induced by antibiotics in mice, which may be due to the alteration of intestinal flora by short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal probiotics through oligosaccharide metabolism. Environment, and inhibit the proliferation of Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae.
The above results showed that fructooligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides could increase the number of anaerobic bacteria in intestine, promote the growth and reproduction of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and inhibit the reproduction of conditional pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter. In order to preliminarily determine that fructooligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are suitable for infant food, can prevent infant constipation, maintain the dominant position of intestinal probiotics, protect the normal growth of infant intestinal environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R151
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, with the deepening of research on dietary fiber by scientists, people are increasingly interested in soluble dietary fiber oligosaccharides. For infants and young children, breastfeeding as the best way of feeding has been highly valued and promoted. Breast milk is rich in more than 100 kinds of oligosaccharides, in addition to a variety of nutrients, for infants. The absorption of intestinal nutrients, the change of stool frequency and shape play an important role.
When breast-feeding fails to meet the needs of infants, breast milk substitutes, i.e. infant formula, play an essential role. Studies have found that bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus predominate in feces of breast-fed infants, while probiotics such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacteria predominate in feces of artificially fed infants. This is because breast milk contains oligosaccharides that promote the growth of probiotic bacteria such as bifidobacteria, which are complex growth factors that can not be synthesized in vitro.
Clinically, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can also stimulate the intestinal flora inherent in infants, which may break the original balance of intestinal flora, cause infantile dyspepsia and even cause intestinal infections. Oligosaccharides have a good regulatory effect on the balance of intestinal flora.
The feces of breast-fed infants were collected and analyzed in this study. The water content and fatty acid content in the feces were determined. The results showed that the metabolites of breast-fed infants contained high water-holding substances and a certain amount of non-digestible fatty acids. The results showed that both oligosaccharides could be utilized by bifidobacteria and lactobacillus. The main metabolites were lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. Smaller.
The effects of oligosaccharides on the imbalance of intestinal flora induced by antibiotics were evaluated in mice. The imbalance model of intestinal flora in mice was established by free drinking of clindamycin hydrochloride sucrose solution (2.8mg/mL) for 5 days before the experiment in Kunming mice. The results showed that oligosaccharides could effectively increase the number of intestinal probiotics bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The regulating effect of oligosaccharides mixed solution on intestinal flora imbalance model in mice was evaluated and preliminarily confirmed. The effective dose that determines its function.
The results are as follows:
(1) Through the determination of water content in infant feces, it was found that the water content in the feces of breast-fed infants was relatively high, reaching 83.79%. Due to the healthy balance of intestinal flora in breast-fed infants, a large number of probiotics metabolized fatty acids, mainly long-chain fatty acids.
(2) Fermentation experiments in vitro showed that fructooligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides could promote the growth and reproduction of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of infants. Short-chain fatty acids produced by oligosaccharides metabolized by intestinal probiotics mainly included lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, which could change the intestinal environment. Regulate intestinal pH.
(3) In animal experiment, the number of intestinal flora returned to normal level after administration of oligosaccharide solution in mice, indicating that oligosaccharide could regulate the imbalance of intestinal flora induced by antibiotics in mice, which may be due to the alteration of intestinal flora by short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal probiotics through oligosaccharide metabolism. Environment, and inhibit the proliferation of Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae.
The above results showed that fructooligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides could increase the number of anaerobic bacteria in intestine, promote the growth and reproduction of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and inhibit the reproduction of conditional pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter. In order to preliminarily determine that fructooligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are suitable for infant food, can prevent infant constipation, maintain the dominant position of intestinal probiotics, protect the normal growth of infant intestinal environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R151
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