【摘要】：背景空巢老人心理健康受諸多因素影響,但少有研究從整體歸因出發(fā),將多個發(fā)揮作用的心理學(xué)變量同時納入影響體系、探討各因素間的作用路徑。目的探討應(yīng)對方式、心理健康自助能力在城市空巢老人心理健康歸因中的作用機(jī)制。方法于2014年1月—2015年9月,采用多階段抽樣的方法選取內(nèi)蒙古赤峰地區(qū)的空巢老人。采用艾森克人格問卷簡式量表中國版、簡易應(yīng)對方式問卷(SCSQ)、空巢老人心理健康自助能力量表及中國心理健康量表(老年版)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,共發(fā)放問卷365份,回收有效問卷350份,問卷有效回收率為95.89%。構(gòu)建結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型分析影響空巢老人心理健康的變量間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系和傳遞機(jī)制;采用Mackinnon PRODCLIN2技術(shù)對中介效果進(jìn)行驗證。結(jié)果人格特征對空巢老人心理健康的影響符合部分中介模型[卡方/自由度(χ~2/df)=1.971、適配度指數(shù)(GFI)=0.955、調(diào)整后適配度指數(shù)(AGFI)=0.911、漸進(jìn)殘差均方和平方根(RMSEA)=0.068]。人格特征(內(nèi)外傾)對城市空巢老人心理健康的間接效果,即積極應(yīng)對、心理健康自助行為能力的中介效應(yīng)顯著(Z=5.675,P0.01)。在模型總間接效果顯著的基礎(chǔ)上,分別對各個中介變量的間接效果進(jìn)行檢定,結(jié)果顯示兩變量Mackinnon PRODCLIN295%CI分別為(0.127,0.364)、(0.168,0.471),可以認(rèn)定兩中介變量的單獨間接效果均顯著。人格特征(神經(jīng)質(zhì))對城市空巢老人心理健康的間接效果,即積極應(yīng)對、心理健康自助行為能力的中介效應(yīng)顯著(Z=-5.353,P0.01)。在模型總間接效果顯著的基礎(chǔ)上,分別對各個中介變量的間接效果進(jìn)行檢定,結(jié)果顯示兩變量Mackinnon PRODCLIN2 95%CI分別為(0.127,0.203)、(0.186,0.492),可以認(rèn)定兩中介變量的單獨間接效果均顯著。結(jié)論積極應(yīng)對、心理健康自助行為能力在人格特征對空巢老人心理健康影響中的中介效應(yīng)顯著。城市空巢老人的心理健康維護(hù),應(yīng)根據(jù)因素間的路徑關(guān)系提煉多種可能的干預(yù)路徑,并根據(jù)其心理社會因素的評估結(jié)果,選用最為優(yōu)化的路徑,以保證個性化干預(yù),同時避免因聯(lián)合干預(yù)造成的人力、物力資源的浪費,有效減輕干預(yù)負(fù)擔(dān),保證干預(yù)效果。
[Abstract]:Background the mental health of empty-nesters is affected by many factors, but few studies have put many psychological variables into the influence system from the whole attribution, and discussed the action path among the factors. Objective to explore the mechanism of coping style and mental health self-help ability in mental health attribution of urban empty-nest elderly. Methods from January 2014 to September 2015, the empty-nest elderly in Chifeng area of Inner Mongolia were selected by multi-stage sampling. The Chinese version of Eysenck Personality questionnaire, the simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), and the Chinese Mental Health Self-help ability scale (SCSQ),) were used to investigate the mental health self-help ability of the elderly. A total of 365 questionnaires were distributed and 350 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 95.89. The structural equation model was constructed to analyze the internal relationship and transmission mechanism among variables affecting the mental health of empty-nesters, and Mackinnon PRODCLIN2 technology was used to verify the intermediary effect. Results the effect of personality characteristics on mental health of empty-nest elderly was in accordance with partial intermediary model [chi-square / degree of freedom (蠂 ~ 2 / DF) 1.971, fitness index (GFI) 0.955, adjusted fitness index (AGFI) 0.911, progressive residual mean square and square root (RMSEA) 0.068]. The indirect effect of personality traits (introversion and introversion) on mental health of urban empty-nest elderly was positive coping and the intermediary effect of mental health self-help behavior ability was significant (ZZ5.675 P0.01). On the basis of the obvious indirect effect of the model, the indirect effect of each intermediate variable was verified. The results showed that the Mackinnon PRODCLIN295%CI of the two variables was (0.127 / 0.364), (0.168 / 0.471), and the indirect effect of the two intermediate variables was significant. The indirect effect of personality (neuroticism) on mental health of urban empty-nest elderly was positive coping, and the intermediary effect of mental health self-help behavior ability was significant (ZJ-5.353, P0.01). On the basis of the obvious indirect effect of the model, the indirect effect of each intermediate variable was verified. The results showed that the Mackinnon PRODCLIN2 95%CI of the two variables was (0.127) 0.203), (0.186 (0.492), and the indirect effect of the two intermediate variables was significant. Conclusion positive coping, mental health self-help behavior ability has significant mediating effect on mental health of empty nest elderly. In order to maintain the mental health of the urban empty-nest elderly, we should refine many possible intervention paths according to the path relationship among the factors, and select the most optimized path according to the evaluation results of the psychological and social factors, so as to ensure the individualized intervention. At the same time, the waste of manpower and material resources caused by joint intervention is avoided, the burden of intervention is effectively reduced, and the effect of intervention is ensured.
【作者單位】： 湖州師范學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院·護(hù)理學(xué)院;內(nèi)蒙古赤峰市松山區(qū)振興街道辦事處;哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)大慶校區(qū)護(hù)理學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社會科學(xué)基金項目(13CRK009)
【分類號】：C913.6;R161.7

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