本文選題：地鐵 + 鼠害　； 參考：《環(huán)境與職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)》2017年08期

【摘要】：[目的]了解上海市地鐵車站環(huán)境中的鼠類侵害狀況,初步探討與鼠害有關(guān)的相關(guān)因素。[方法]2013年上海市運(yùn)營的地鐵線路共有12條,根據(jù)地鐵線路的運(yùn)營時(shí)限,將12條線路劃分為4個(gè)等級(jí)(5年、5~年、10~年、15~年),10年及以上的地鐵線路數(shù)量少,故全部選取,其他等級(jí)均按照至少50%的比例隨機(jī)抽取,共抽取8條線路。分別應(yīng)用目測鼠征法、拖食法以及D2E鼠情智能監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)于2013年對(duì)抽取的8條地鐵線路及站點(diǎn)進(jìn)行鼠害調(diào)查,采用問卷調(diào)查以及現(xiàn)場調(diào)查相結(jié)合的方法,收集地鐵運(yùn)行年限、客流量、地鐵車站有無商鋪以及有害生物防治公司資質(zhì)等信息。利用卡方檢驗(yàn)比較地鐵車站不同調(diào)查樓層以及不同功能區(qū)域鼠害狀況的差異,利用直線相關(guān)分析法研究鼠害與地鐵運(yùn)行年限、客流量、地鐵車站商鋪比例的相關(guān)性。[結(jié)果]在所有調(diào)查線路中,2號(hào)線鼠害最嚴(yán)重,鼠征陽性率為12.9%,拖食率為20.0%;地鐵車站不同調(diào)查樓層之間鼠害的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.01),地下三層鼠征陽性率為71.4%,鼠害最嚴(yán)重;地鐵車站不同功能區(qū)域間鼠害的差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.01),其中涉水設(shè)備用房為鼠害最重的場所;地鐵環(huán)境內(nèi)鼠24 h活動(dòng)高峰為上午8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)。地鐵運(yùn)行年限(r=0.82,P=0.01)、客流量(r=0.99,P=0.01)、地鐵車站商鋪比例(r=0.81,P=0.03)以及有害生物防治服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)資質(zhì)(χ~2=5.61,P0.05)可能是造成地鐵鼠害的主要因素。[結(jié)論]鼠害已成為上海地鐵環(huán)境中的重要公共衛(wèi)生問題,應(yīng)采取長期、系統(tǒng)、連續(xù)的監(jiān)測與控制措施。
[Abstract]:Objective] to understand the situation of rodent invasion in the environment of subway station in Shanghai, and to explore the related factors of rodent damage. [methods] there were 12 subway lines in operation in Shanghai in 2013. According to the operating time limit of subway lines, 12 lines were divided into four grades (5 ~ 10 ~ 10 ~ 10 ~ 10 ~ 15 ~ 10 years), and the number of subway lines of 10 ~ 10 years or more was less, so all of them were selected. The other grades were randomly selected at least 50%, with a total of 8 lines. In 2013, the visual rodent sign method, the towing method and the D2E intelligent monitoring system were used to investigate the rodent damage of 8 subway lines and stations, and the operation life of the subway was collected by the method of questionnaire investigation and field investigation. Passenger flow, subway station has no shops and harmful biological control company qualifications and other information. By means of chi-square test, the differences of rat damage in different investigation floors and different functional areas of subway stations were compared, and the correlation between rodent damage and subway operating life, passenger flow and the proportion of shops in subway stations was studied by linear correlation analysis. [results] among all the investigation routes, the rat damage was the most serious in line 2, the positive rate of rat sign was 12.9 and the rate of trailing food was 20.0.The difference of rodent damage among different investigation floors of subway station was statistically significant (P 0.01), and the positive rate of rat sign was 71.4 in three layers of underground, and the most serious was rat damage. The difference of rodent damage in different functional areas of subway station was statistically significant, among which the water wading equipment house was the most serious place for rodent damage, and the 24 h activity peak of mice in subway environment was from 8: 00 a.m. to 10:00. The operating life of the subway is 0.82%, the passenger flow is 0.99%, the proportion of the shops in the subway station is 0.81%, and the qualification of the harmful biological control service organization (蠂 ~ (2) 2 ~ (5.61g) P _ (0.05) may be the main cause of the rodent damage in the subway. [conclusion] rodent damage has become an important public health problem in the environment of Shanghai Metro, and long-term, systematic and continuous monitoring and control measures should be taken.
【作者單位】： 上海市疾病預(yù)防控制中心傳染病防治所;
【分類號(hào)】：R126.4
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本文編號(hào)：1987932