本文選題：汽車制造業(yè) + 肌肉骨骼損傷�。� 參考：《環(huán)境與職業(yè)醫(yī)學》2017年01期

【摘要】：[目的]描述汽車制造男性作業(yè)工人多部位工作相關肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)發(fā)生特征及其職業(yè)相關性。[方法]采用職業(yè)流行病學橫斷面與回顧性調(diào)查方法,選擇北歐標準化肌肉骨骼癥狀調(diào)查表(NMQ)疼痛問卷對某汽車制造企業(yè)1 494名男性作業(yè)工人的WMSDs、發(fā)生部位及其發(fā)生風險進行了評估。[結(jié)果]WMSDs陽性率28.51%,主要發(fā)生在下背/腰、頸、肩、手腕和小腿。同時發(fā)生多部位WMSDs的陽性率為18.53%,各車間同時發(fā)生2部位和≥5部位WMSDs的陽性率的差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P0.05)。9項指標變量(年齡、身高、體重、體質(zhì)指數(shù)、文化程度、運動、吸煙、飲酒和工齡)的分層分析中,年齡和工齡兩項指標WMSDs的發(fā)生風險(OR值)具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05或P0.01),且有隨其增加而增加的趨勢。高中比大學文化程度者更易同時發(fā)生3部位和≥5部位WMSDs(P0.05)。各車間作業(yè)工人WMSDs發(fā)生部位各有不同,沖壓車間以下背/腰、頸和肩部為主,焊裝車間以頸、下背/腰、手腕和肩部為主,樹脂車間以頸、小腿、踝、肩和下背/腰為主,涂裝車間以下背/腰、頸部為主,總裝車間以下背/腰、頸、肩和手腕為主。以同時發(fā)生2部位WMSDs為例,沖壓車間主要為頸與下背/腰;總裝車間主要為頸和其他、下背/腰和其他、手腕和其他;焊裝車間主要為手腕和其他、肩和其他、大腿和小腿;樹脂車間為肩和小腿。[結(jié)論]汽車制造工人WMSDs主要發(fā)生在下背/腰、頸、肩、手腕和小腿,不同車間作業(yè)工人WMSDs發(fā)生部位各有不同,汽車總裝、沖壓和涂裝作業(yè)工人均以下背/腰部陽性率為最高,而焊裝和樹脂作業(yè)工人均以頸部陽性率為最高。同時發(fā)生多部位WMSDs可能與工人的作業(yè)活動類型相關,多部位WMSDs發(fā)生風險有隨年齡和工齡增加而增加的趨勢,高中比大學學歷者更易同時發(fā)生多部位WMSDs。
[Abstract]:[objective] to describe the characteristics and occupational correlation of multiple job related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in male auto workers. [methods] A cross-sectional and retrospective survey of occupational epidemiology was used. The NMQ pain questionnaire was used to evaluate the WMSDsof 1 494 male workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. [results] the positive rate of WMSDs was 28.51%, mainly in lower back / waist, neck, shoulder, wrist and lower leg. The positive rate of multisite WMSDs was 18.53. The positive rate of WMSDs in two parts and more than 5 parts of each workshop was significantly different (all P 0.05 items) (age, height, weight, body mass index, education level, exercise). In the stratified analysis of smoking, drinking and length of service, the risk of WMSDs was statistically significant (P 0.05 or P 0.01), and increased with the increase of age and length of service. High school students were more likely to have 3 and 鈮，

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