本文選題：魔芋粉 + 急性酒精中毒　； 參考：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在人類歷史的文化長河中,酒不僅作為一種客觀物質(zhì)存在,更是一種文化象征。隨著社會進步和經(jīng)濟水平的不斷發(fā)展,酒已然成為了家庭餐桌和社交場合的必備品,而隨之而來的過度飲酒所造成的醉酒、急性酒精中毒事件愈發(fā)增多,嚴重影響了人們的身體健康。所以,安全、有效的解酒產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)和研制一直是當今世界持續(xù)關(guān)注的熱點問題。目前,國內(nèi)外對防治酒精損傷的研究主要集中在傳統(tǒng)中藥初提物和復方產(chǎn)品,但藥物的長期服用對身體難免會造成一定程度傷害。近些年來,越來越多的研究學者通過膳食預防療法研究解酒功效,而植物多糖在此方面性能獨特。因此,開發(fā)植物性多糖解酒類的功能食品具有非常重要的意義。衛(wèi)生部公布的“藥食同源”物品名單中,魔芋是被作為普通食品來管理的食品新資源。目前,已有文獻報道了魔芋葡甘聚糖具有抗醉解酒和對酒精性肝損傷的保護作用,也有一些學者認為魔芋具有物理吸附乙醇作用從而達到防醉解酒目的,但這些觀點僅僅停留在假設水平,缺乏試驗證實,對魔芋的解酒功能仍需要進一步系統(tǒng)化研究。本文主要從體外、體內(nèi)兩方面入手對魔芋解酒進行探究,體外通過透析袋法模擬胃腸液環(huán)境,研究了魔芋多糖在多種因素下對透析袋外乙醇析出量變化的影響,同時初步探究魔芋對乙醇的物理吸附作用;體內(nèi)采用不同劑量的魔芋粉(166,332,500mg/kg),以昆明種小鼠為試驗對象,采用56°紅星二鍋頭灌胃法進行造模,探究魔芋粉對急性酒精中毒小鼠胃中首過代謝的增強作用及對胃黏膜的保護作用和對腦的抗氧化損傷及神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)的影響,以期為開發(fā)植物性多糖類普通食材防治酒精性損傷的功能性食品提供理論和技術(shù)支撐。本論文研究的主要結(jié)論如下:1、魔芋粉在模擬胃腸道環(huán)境中,對不同因素條件下乙醇析出量變化及物理吸附作用的研究A、在模擬胃液和模擬腸液環(huán)境中,以時間、乙醇濃度(v/v)、KGM濃度為試驗因素,將KGM-乙醇混合液加入透析袋內(nèi),并以水-乙醇混合液做為對照,通過氣相色譜法測定不同因素下對照組和KGM組透析出來的乙醇量變化,結(jié)果顯示:(1)在不同的時間段內(nèi),和對照組比較,模擬胃液KGM組乙醇透析量在20-90min時間段內(nèi)顯著降低,120-210min時間段內(nèi)雖有下降但無顯著性差異;而在模擬腸液中,KGM組在各時間段乙醇量都有降低且呈顯著性差異,說明KGM能夠減少游離乙醇的量,進而可能對減少和延緩乙醇進入血液起到了一定的作用。而KGM組透析出來的乙醇量是隨著時間的延長而增多,說明在短時間內(nèi)KGM能夠阻止乙醇的滲透,隨著時間的延長,當達到150min時,透析袋兩邊的乙醇濃度最終達成動態(tài)平衡。(2)模擬胃液和模擬腸液中,在相同的KGM濃度和不同的乙醇濃度下,KGM組乙醇透析量明顯低于對照組;隨著乙醇濃度在10%-40%(v/v)范圍內(nèi)的增加,KGM組乙醇析出量逐漸升高且呈顯著性差異;隨著乙醇濃度在40%-60%范圍內(nèi)增加,KGM組透析出來的乙醇量無顯著性差異,說明定量的KGM在高濃度乙醇下的作用效果強于低濃度乙醇。(3)模擬胃液和模擬腸液中,在相同的乙醇濃度和不同的KGM濃度下,KGM組透析出來的乙醇量低于對照組,且高濃度較低濃度KGM,乙醇析出量降低,說明隨著KGM濃度增高,對乙醇的吸附量加大。B、KGM對乙醇物理吸附測定試驗以水-不同濃度乙醇混合液作為對照,定量KGM與不同濃度乙醇混合、離心,與對照組比較,KGM組離心析出上清液中乙醇量降低,證實KGM對乙醇起到吸附作用,從而抑制胃腸對乙醇的吸收,使血液中乙醇含量減少,達到預防醉酒的目的;測定定量KGM在不同乙醇濃度下的吸附率可知,隨著乙醇濃度在10%-50%范圍內(nèi)加大,KGM對乙醇的吸附率下降但無顯著性意義,當乙醇濃度達到60%,與其他乙醇濃度范圍內(nèi)KGM吸附率比較,KGM對乙醇吸附率下降且有顯著性差異,說明定量KGM不可無限制吸附乙醇,當吸附乙醇到達一定量之后作用受到限制。2.魔芋粉對酒精首過代謝的增強作用及對胃黏膜保護作用的研究體外實驗得出魔芋粉可通過對乙醇吸附作用降低進入血液乙醇含量,但當攝入乙醇量過大時,則需要通過增強首過代謝作用降低胃腸液中游離乙醇量。結(jié)果表明:與空白組比較,模型組胃組織勻漿中ADH、ALDH活力下降,血液中乙醇濃度升高,魔芋粉組較模型組胃中ADH、ALDH活力上升,血醇濃度下降,其中魔芋粉中、高劑量組與模型組相比ADH、ALDH活力顯著升高,說明魔芋粉能夠增強胃中ADH、ALDH的酶活性,促進乙醇首過代謝作用,抑制胃腸對乙醇吸收,降低血醇濃度;與空白組相比,模型組小鼠胃的水腫指數(shù)、胃黏膜損傷潰瘍指數(shù)顯著升高,胃酸中除pH值無顯著性差異外,游離酸和總酸都呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,且生化指標TNF-α含量上升,SS水平降低,胃黏膜組織病理學損傷嚴重,顯示造模成功;魔芋粉低、中、高劑量組較模型組TNF-α含量降低且有顯著性差異,而低劑量組SS水平較模型組無顯著性意義,中、高劑量組則有顯著性差異,說明魔芋粉能夠通過調(diào)節(jié)炎癥介質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生保護胃黏膜。3.魔芋粉對急性酒精中毒小鼠腦損傷抗氧化保護作用的研究結(jié)果表明:模型組與空白組比較,小鼠腦組織勻漿中MDA、NO含量均顯著升高,SOD、GSH含量均顯著降低;對小鼠腦組織病理切片觀察,模型組海馬區(qū)錐體細胞數(shù)量減少,排列松散且不規(guī)則,部分區(qū)域可看到細胞壞死、萎縮,魔芋粉組整體細胞排列緊密,細胞數(shù)目較多;小鼠經(jīng)灌胃不同劑量魔芋粉后,魔芋粉低、中劑量組的SOD、GSH水平雖呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,但與模型組比較無顯著性意義,魔芋粉高劑量組含量上升且有顯著性差異。與模型組比較,魔芋粉中、高劑量組MDA含量降低,有顯著性差異;魔芋粉高劑量組NO含量上升且有顯著性差異�？傮w來看,魔芋粉高劑量組對腦損傷抗氧化能力優(yōu)于低、中劑量組,在一定程度上可以調(diào)節(jié)酒后腦組織中自由基代謝,避免氧化損傷,起到保護急性酒精中毒小鼠腦組織作用。4.魔芋粉對急性酒精中毒小鼠腦中乙醛及神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)研究結(jié)果表明:與空白組比較,模型組小鼠血中、腦中乙醛含量,腦中β-EP、DA、5-HT含量明顯上升,且這些指標都有顯著性差異。灌胃各劑量魔芋粉后,與模型組比較,魔芋粉各劑量組可有效降低血中、腦中乙醛含量;魔芋粉各組β-EP含量下降且有顯著性差異;魔芋粉中、高劑量組降低DA、5-HT含量,有顯著性差異,而魔芋粉低劑量組雖有降低但無顯著性意義。從整體來看,魔芋粉高劑量組效果優(yōu)于魔芋粉低、中劑量組。
[Abstract]:In the cultural long river of human history, wine is not only an objective substance, but also a cultural symbol. With the progress of the society and the continuous development of the economic level, wine has become a necessary product of the family table and social occasions, and the ensuing drunkenness caused by excessive drinking and the increasing number of acute alcoholism events are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the development and development of the safe and effective alcoholism products has been a hot issue in the world today. At present, the research on the prevention and control of alcohol damage at home and abroad is mainly concentrated on the traditional Chinese medicine and the compound products, but the long period taking of the drugs will cause a certain degree of harm to the body. In recent years, more and more researchers have studied the effect of alcoholism through dietary prevention, while plant polysaccharides have unique performance in this field. Therefore, it is very important to develop functional food of plant polysaccharide solution wine. The konjac is managed as a common food in the name list of "medicine and food homologous" published by the Ministry of health. At present, it has been reported that konjac glucomannan has the protection against alcoholism and alcoholic liver injury, and some scholars believe that the konjac has physical adsorption of ethanol in order to prevent alcoholism, but these views only stay on the hypothesis level, lack of experimental confirmation and the function of the taro. Further systematic study is still needed. In this paper, the study is mainly from two aspects in vitro and in vivo. The effect of konjac polysaccharides on the change of ethanol precipitation outside the dialysate bag is studied in vitro through the dialysis bag method, and the physical adsorption of konjac on ethanol is studied. Different doses of konjac powder (166332500mg/kg) were used to study the effect of konjac powder on the first over metabolism of the stomach in the stomach of acute alcoholism mice and the effect on the gastric mucosal protection and the effect on the oxidative damage of the brain and the regulation of neurotransmitter in Kunming. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1, the study on the variation of ethanol precipitation and the physical adsorption of ethanol in the simulated gastrointestinal environment by konjac powder in the simulated gastrointestinal environment, A, in simulated gastric juice and simulated intestinal liquid environment, With time, ethanol concentration (v/v) and KGM concentration as experimental factors, the mixture of KGM- ethanol was added into the dialysis bag, and the water ethanol mixture was used as the control. The changes in the amount of ethanol from the control group and the KGM group under different factors were measured by gas chromatography. The results showed: (1) compared with the control group, the simulated gastric juice KGM was compared with the control group in different time periods. The amount of alcohol dialysis in group 20-90min decreased significantly in the period of time and there was no significant difference in the time period of 120-210min, but in the simulated intestinal fluid, the amount of ethanol in the KGM group decreased and showed significant difference in each time period, indicating that KGM could reduce the amount of free ethanol, and thus could reduce and delay the entry of ethanol into the blood. The amount of ethanol from the KGM group increased with time, indicating that KGM could prevent the infiltration of ethanol in a short time. As time went on, the ethanol concentration on both sides of the dialysate bag finally reached a dynamic balance when it reached 150min. (2) the same KGM concentration and different ethanol in the simulated gastric juice and the simulated intestinal liquid. Under the concentration of KGM, the amount of ethanol dialysis was significantly lower than that in the control group. As the concentration of ethanol increased in the range of 10%-40% (v/v), the amount of ethanol precipitation in the KGM group increased gradually and showed significant difference. As the concentration of ethanol increased in the 40%-60% range, there was no significant difference in the amount of ethanol from the KGM group, indicating the quantitative KGM under the high concentration of ethanol. The effect is stronger than the low concentration ethanol. (3) in the simulated gastric juice and simulated intestinal liquid, under the same ethanol concentration and different KGM concentration, the amount of ethanol from the KGM group is lower than the control group, and the high concentration is lower KGM and the ethanol precipitation is reduced. It shows that the adsorption amount of ethanol increases with the increase of KGM concentration,.B and KGM for the determination of ethanol physical adsorption. The test took water and different concentration ethanol mixture as control, the quantitative KGM was mixed with different concentrations of ethanol and centrifuged. Compared with the control group, the amount of ethanol in the centrifuge precipitated supernatant in the KGM group decreased, which confirmed that KGM was adsorbed on ethanol, thus inhibiting the absorption of ethanol in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the content of ethanol in the blood and achieving the purpose of preventing drunken alcohol. The adsorption rate of fixed quantitative KGM at different ethanol concentrations showed that as the concentration of ethanol increased in the range of 10%-50%, the adsorption rate of ethanol decreased with the decrease of KGM. When the concentration of ethanol reached 60%, compared with the KGM adsorption rate in the other ethanol concentration range, KGM decreased the ethanol adsorption rate and had significant difference, indicating that the quantitative KGM could not be absent. The effect of limiting the adsorption of ethanol to a certain amount is limited by the effect of.2. konjac powder on the increase of alcohol first over metabolism and the protective effect on the gastric mucosa in vitro. It is concluded that the konjac powder can be reduced into the blood alcohol content by reducing the ethanol adsorption, but when the intake of ethanol is too large, it needs to be enhanced. The first over metabolism decreased the amount of free ethanol in the gastrointestinal fluid. The results showed that: compared with the blank group, the activity of ADH, ALDH in the gastric tissue homogenate of the model group was decreased, the concentration of ethanol in the blood increased, the energy of ADH in the stomach of the konjac powder group was higher than that in the model group, the activity of ALDH increased and the concentration of blood alcohol decreased. The high dose group was ADH, and the activity of ALDH was significantly higher than that of the model group, and the activity of the high dose group was significantly higher than that of the model group. It shows that konjac powder can enhance the enzyme activity of ADH and ALDH in the stomach, promote the alcohol first over metabolism, inhibit the absorption of ethanol and reduce the concentration of blood alcohol. Compared with the blank group, the edema index of stomach and the ulcer index of gastric mucosal injury in the model group are significantly higher than that in the gastric acid, and the free acid and the total acid are present in the gastric acid except for the pH value. The rising trend, the content of TNF- alpha in the biochemical index, the decrease of SS level, the serious histopathological injury of the gastric mucosa, the success of the model, the decrease in the content of TNF- alpha in the low, middle and high dose group of the konjac powder, and the significant difference between the low dose group and the model group, and the significant difference between the high dose group and the high dose group, indicating that the high dose group has significant difference. The effect of konjac powder on the antioxidant protective effect of.3. konjac powder on the brain damage of acute alcoholism mice by regulating the inflammatory mediators showed that: compared with the blank group, the content of MDA and NO in the brain homogenate of the mice increased significantly, and the content of SOD and GSH decreased significantly, and the pathological sections of the brain tissue of mice were observed. In the model group, the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the model group was reduced and arranged loosely and irregularly. The cell necrosis and atrophy were seen in some areas. The whole cells in the konjac powder group were closely arranged and the number of cells was more. After the different doses of konjac powder in the stomach of the mice, the konjac powder was low and the level of SOD and GSH in the middle dose group showed a rising trend, but there was no significant difference between the model group and the model group. The content of the high dose group of konjac powder was significantly different. Compared with the model group, the high dose group of konjac powder decreased the content of MDA, and there was a significant difference. The high dose group of konjac powder increased and had significant difference in NO content. The results of the regulation of.4. konjac powder in the brain of acute alcoholism mice showed that the content of acetaldehyde in the blood of the model group, the content of acetaldehyde in the brain and the content of beta -EP, DA, 5-HT in the brain were compared with that of the blank group. After gavage of konjac powder, each dose of konjac powder could effectively reduce the content of acetaldehyde in blood and brain, and the content of beta -EP in Amorphophallus powder decreased and had significant difference after the dose of konjac powder. In konjac powder, the high dose group decreased DA and 5-HT content, and the low dose of konjac powder was low. The effect of konjac flour in high dose group was better than that in konjac flour low and medium dose group.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R151

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