發(fā)布時間：2018-05-10 07:08

  本文選題：機械制造行業(yè) + 職業(yè)傷害　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的分析企業(yè)職工職業(yè)傷害發(fā)生的特點,探索該企業(yè)職業(yè)傷害事故的發(fā)生原因,找出可能引起機械制造行業(yè)職業(yè)傷害發(fā)生的危險因素,降低職業(yè)傷害的發(fā)生,為制定機械行業(yè)職業(yè)傷害的預(yù)防和控制提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法根據(jù)該企業(yè)廠醫(yī)提供的職業(yè)傷害登記表,以2005—2010間發(fā)生的1983名職業(yè)傷害病例為研究對象,采用回顧調(diào)查方法,分析該企業(yè)職業(yè)傷害發(fā)生的變化趨勢、傷害類型、三間分布規(guī)律、主要原因。通過病例—對照研究,以該企業(yè)2010年1月1日-2010年12月31日期間發(fā)生的職業(yè)傷害受害者為病例組,按1：2配對隨機抽樣的方法抽取對照組,由廠醫(yī)進行問卷調(diào)查,調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括性別、出生年月、受教育程度、婚姻狀況、戶籍所在地、就業(yè)類型、飲酒、吸煙、工種、工齡、身高、體重、月收入、健康情況、睡眠情況以及對工傷事件的描述。運用SPSS16.0系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析,包括一般性統(tǒng)計描述及統(tǒng)計推斷。用構(gòu)成比、頻數(shù)分布、算數(shù)均數(shù)等進行統(tǒng)計描述,采用單因素和多因素非條件logistic回歸方法進行危險因素分析。 結(jié)果2005—2010年共發(fā)生職業(yè)傷害病例1983例,職業(yè)傷害發(fā)生率為8.0%,病例以男性、20-29歲為主,職業(yè)傷害類別以機械傷害為主(91.2%),傷害部位以上肢最多(89.6%),受傷類型以擦傷為主,占62.0%,傷害程度以輕傷為主,占94.8%。原因調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),操作工人不遵守操作規(guī)程和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境設(shè)備、設(shè)施、工具、附件有缺陷是導(dǎo)致該企業(yè)職業(yè)傷害的最主要原因。單因素logistic回歸分析職業(yè)傷害的影響因素：在婚的職工傷害發(fā)生的危險性較低(OR1)；男性、外區(qū)戶籍、臨時工和農(nóng)民工、有吸煙、喝酒史的職工發(fā)生傷害的危險性較高(OR1),多因素Logistic回歸分析,外(區(qū))省戶籍者、有喝酒史、過去一周內(nèi)注意力不集中、睡眠質(zhì)量不好者發(fā)生職業(yè)傷害的危險性較高(OR值1)；在婚者發(fā)生職業(yè)傷害的危險性較低(OR值1)。結(jié)論本次調(diào)查顯示,該企業(yè)職業(yè)傷害的發(fā)生具有一定的特點,具有其特定的類別、性質(zhì)和部位分布；職業(yè)傷害的危險因素具有多元性,外(區(qū))省戶籍者、有喝酒史、過去一周內(nèi)注意力不集中、睡眠質(zhì)量不好者是傷害發(fā)生的危險因素,針對以上分析結(jié)果,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作者應(yīng)加強易感人群的安全防護工作,開展綜合性干預(yù)研究,加強安全教育和安全監(jiān)督；適時對職工進行技術(shù)培訓(xùn)；檢查工作場所的防護用品,對于不全情況及時補全；加強安全知識教育,切實提高職工職業(yè)安全認知水平,端正職業(yè)安全態(tài)度,避免不安全行為發(fā)生,以降低職業(yè)傷害的發(fā)生,減少職業(yè)傷害造成的經(jīng)濟負擔(dān)和職工生命質(zhì)量的損失。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the characteristics of occupational injury in enterprise workers, explore the causes of occupational injury accident, find out the risk factors that may cause occupational injury in machinery manufacturing industry, and reduce the occurrence of occupational injury. To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational injury in machinery industry. Methods according to the occupational injury registration form provided by the factory and doctor of the enterprise, 1983 cases of occupational injury occurred between 2005 and 2010 were selected as research objects. The change trend and injury type of occupational injury in the enterprise were analyzed by retrospective investigation. Three distribution laws, the main reason. A case-control study was conducted. The victims of occupational injuries in the enterprise from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010 were selected as the case group, and the control group was selected according to the method of 1:2 matched random sampling. The survey included gender, year of birth, education, marital status, location of domicile, type of employment, drinking, smoking, type of work, length of service, height, weight, monthly income, health status, Sleep status and description of work-related injuries. SPSS16.0 system statistical software is used for statistical analysis, including general statistical description and statistical inference. The composition ratio, frequency distribution and arithmetic mean were used to describe the risk factors, and the single factor and multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression method were used to analyze the risk factors. Results from 2005 to 2010, there were 1983 cases of occupational injuries, the incidence of occupational injuries was 8.0. The main cases were male patients aged 20-29 years. The occupational injuries were mainly mechanical injuries (91.2%), the most injuries were upper limb injuries (89.6%), and the main types of injuries were abrasions. Account for 62.0, the degree of injury mainly light injury, accounting for 94. 8. It is found that the main cause of occupational injury is the failure of operating workers to comply with operating procedures and production environment, equipment, facilities, tools, accessories and defects. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of occupational injury in married workers was lower than that in married workers, and that men, rural residents, temporary workers and migrant workers had smoking. The risk of injury in workers with drinking history was higher than that in OR1. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that people with household registration in foreign (regional) provinces had a history of drinking and were not focused in the past week. The risk of occupational injury was higher in poor sleep quality patients than in married women. Conclusion the investigation shows that the occurrence of occupational injury in this enterprise has certain characteristics, and has its specific category, nature and location distribution, the risk factors of occupational injury are multivariate, and the residents of other provinces have a history of drinking. In view of the above analysis, occupational health workers should strengthen the safety protection work of susceptible people and carry out comprehensive intervention research. To strengthen safety education and safety supervision; to conduct technical training for staff and workers at the right time; to check the protective articles in the workplace, to make up for the incomplete situation in a timely manner; to strengthen safety knowledge education, and to effectively improve the level of occupational safety awareness of workers and staff, To correct the attitude of occupational safety and avoid unsafe behavior, in order to reduce the occurrence of occupational injury, reduce the economic burden caused by occupational injury and the loss of quality of life of staff and workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R135

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本文編號：1868313