本文選題：應(yīng)激 + 心理學(xué)��； 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的編制適合我國(guó)兒童使用的《童年期慢性應(yīng)激評(píng)定量表》,并對(duì)其信效度進(jìn)行測(cè)量學(xué)評(píng)價(jià),為我國(guó)兒童慢性應(yīng)激事件分布特征的描述,以及兒童心理行為障礙的癥狀和狀態(tài)的篩查提供有效的測(cè)評(píng)和參考工具。方法根據(jù)兒童童年期生活環(huán)境的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論,從家庭環(huán)境、學(xué)校環(huán)境、同伴關(guān)系和童年期不良生活經(jīng)歷4個(gè)維度編制童年期慢性應(yīng)激評(píng)定量表。通過(guò)大量的文獻(xiàn)閱讀、反復(fù)的課題組討論以及專家咨詢,構(gòu)建了包含80個(gè)條目的初始量表。整群抽取蚌埠市第三實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué)的1850名學(xué)生進(jìn)行橫斷面調(diào)查,采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)、相關(guān)分析、因子分析等多種統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目篩選,通過(guò)Cronbach'sα系數(shù)、分半信度等評(píng)價(jià)問(wèn)卷的信效度。最后編制成具有良好信效度的,含60個(gè)項(xiàng)目的《童年期慢性應(yīng)激評(píng)定量表》。選取馬鞍山市的3所小學(xué),共2276名學(xué)生進(jìn)行該量表的實(shí)際應(yīng)用研究,描述問(wèn)卷總分及各維度得分的P25、P50、P75、P90的分布情況,通過(guò)獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)和c2檢驗(yàn),比較不同性別、不同青春發(fā)育階段以及不同抑郁癥狀之間得分結(jié)果的差異,評(píng)價(jià)問(wèn)卷的區(qū)分效度。結(jié)果通過(guò)項(xiàng)目分析,最終編制了60個(gè)條目的《童年期慢性應(yīng)激評(píng)定量表》,包含3個(gè)大維度,分別為同伴欺凌(共15個(gè)條目,包括同伴關(guān)系欺凌和同伴軀體欺凌2個(gè)子維度)、童年期虐待與忽視(共29個(gè)條目,包括情感和軀體虐待、性虐待、情感忽視和軀體忽視4個(gè)子維度)和童年期不良生活經(jīng)歷(共16個(gè)條目,包括家庭不良生活經(jīng)歷、學(xué)校不良生活經(jīng)歷和個(gè)人不良生活經(jīng)歷3個(gè)子維度)。問(wèn)卷的Cronbach'sα系數(shù)為0.946,分半信度為0.798,重測(cè)信度為0.921;探索性因子分析結(jié)果顯示問(wèn)卷的累積方差貢獻(xiàn)率為59.81%;驗(yàn)證性因子分析的結(jié)果顯示,通過(guò)AMOS軟件構(gòu)建的結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型擬合良好,說(shuō)明問(wèn)卷具有較好的重測(cè)效度、內(nèi)容效度和結(jié)構(gòu)效度,與問(wèn)卷的理論構(gòu)想基本一致。以P90作為問(wèn)卷的高分組劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),發(fā)現(xiàn)3~6年級(jí)學(xué)生中男生的總分及各維度得分和高分項(xiàng)目數(shù)均高于女生,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均0.05);3~6年級(jí)學(xué)生中青春發(fā)動(dòng)時(shí)相提前組的總分及各維度得分和高分項(xiàng)目數(shù)均高于青春發(fā)動(dòng)時(shí)相適時(shí)組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均0.05);3~6年級(jí)學(xué)生中抑郁組的總分及各維度得分和高分項(xiàng)目數(shù)均高于非抑郁組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均0.05),表明該問(wèn)卷具有較好的區(qū)分效度。結(jié)論《童年期慢性應(yīng)激評(píng)定量表》具有較好的信效度,它可以比較準(zhǔn)確、全面地反映兒童青少年慢性應(yīng)激事件的分布情況,可以作為評(píng)定兒童青少年慢性應(yīng)激的有效工具而進(jìn)一步的推廣使用。
[Abstract]:Objective to develop a childhood chronic stress rating scale for children in China and evaluate its reliability and validity in order to describe the distribution characteristics of chronic stress events in Chinese children. Screening for symptoms and states of children with mental behavior disorders provides an effective assessment and reference tool. Methods based on the ecosystem theory of children's childhood living environment, the chronic stress rating scale for childhood was developed from four dimensions: family environment, school environment, peer relationship and bad life experience in childhood. Based on a large number of literature reviews, repeated discussion groups and expert consultation, an initial scale consisting of 80 items was constructed. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1850 students from the third Experimental Primary School in Bengbu City by cluster sampling. Various statistical methods, such as independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, factor analysis and so on, were used to screen the items, and the Cronbach's 偽 coefficient was adopted. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated by split-half reliability. Finally, the childhood chronic stress rating scale was developed with good reliability and validity, including 60 items. A total of 2276 students from 3 primary schools in Ma'anshan City were selected to carry out the practical application study of the scale. The distribution of the total score of the questionnaire and the scores of each dimension was described by P25P50 / P75P90, and the gender was compared by independent sample t-test and c2 test. The difference of scores between different stages of youth development and different depressive symptoms was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Results based on the item analysis, 60 items of chronic stress scale for Childhood were developed, including 3 dimensions of peer bullying (15 items in total). Two subdimensions of peer relationship bullying and peer physical bullying, childhood abuse and neglect (29 items, including emotional and physical abuse, sexual abuse, Emotional neglect and physical neglect in 4 sub-dimensions and childhood bad life experience (a total of 16 items, including bad family life experience, bad school life experience and personal bad life experience 3 subdimensions). The Cronbach's 偽 coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.946, the split-half reliability is 0.798, the test-retest reliability is 0.921, the result of exploratory factor analysis shows that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the questionnaire is 59.81, the result of confirmatory factor analysis shows that the structural equation model constructed by AMOS software fits well. It shows that the questionnaire has good test-retest validity, content validity and structural validity, which is basically consistent with the theoretical conception of the questionnaire. Using P90 as the criterion of high score group, it was found that the total scores, the scores of each dimension and the number of high score items in the students of grade 3 and grade 6 were higher than those of girls. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05). The total score, the score of each dimension and the number of high score items in the group of early onset of youth were higher than those in the group of timely stage of youth initiation. All the differences were statistically significant. The total scores, the scores of each dimension and the number of high score items in the depression group were higher than those in the non-depression group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05), which indicated that the questionnaire had a good distinguishing validity. Conclusion the childhood chronic stress rating scale has good reliability and validity. It can accurately and comprehensively reflect the distribution of chronic stress events in children and adolescents. It can be used as an effective tool to evaluate chronic stress in children and adolescents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R179

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