本文選題：職業(yè)衛(wèi)生 + 示范��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：背景與目的： 世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)明確指出,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生在促進產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟建設(shè)與發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。早在70年代,一些發(fā)達國家相繼頒布職業(yè)衛(wèi)生法律法規(guī),以促進社會經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展,以及為企業(yè)發(fā)展樹立良好的公眾形象提供法律保障。自2002年起,《中華人民共和國職業(yè)病防治法》(中華人民共和國主席令第60號)等法規(guī)的出臺,標志著我國職業(yè)病防治法律體系的框架已經(jīng)初步建立,職業(yè)病防治工作得到有效加強。但是,我國目前職業(yè)病危害形勢依舊十分嚴峻,根據(jù)衛(wèi)生部2005年不完全統(tǒng)計,我國接觸職業(yè)病危害因素的人群居世界首位,涉及有毒有害作業(yè)的企業(yè)超過1600萬家,受到職業(yè)病危害的人數(shù)超過2億,直接經(jīng)濟損失達上百億元,職業(yè)病已經(jīng)成為當今社會一個重大的公共衛(wèi)生和社會問題。2005年10月召開的十六屆五中全會明確提出要“積極防治職業(yè)病”,并把相關(guān)內(nèi)容納入了“十一五”規(guī)劃《綱要》,同年,衛(wèi)生部、國家安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理總局、中華全國總工會評選出一批國家級職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作示范企業(yè),以點帶面,增強了用人單位自覺貫徹有關(guān)法律法規(guī)的意識,也表現(xiàn)出國家對職業(yè)衛(wèi)生的關(guān)注提高到了更高水平。 自2005年開展國家職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)評選活動以來,絕大多數(shù)“職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)”均是在地級市及以上層級開展。立足縣域范圍開展職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建實踐的報道較為少見。浙江省慈溪市位于杭州灣南岸,是長三角2小時經(jīng)濟圈的中心地帶,制造業(yè)極為發(fā)達,有企業(yè)上萬家,其中中小型企業(yè)占大多數(shù)。許多中小企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生防治主體責任意識缺乏,職工安全與健康,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生投入嚴重不足,與《中華人民共和國職業(yè)病防治法》的要求相差甚遠。慈溪市自2008年開展的“職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)”尚屬探索階段,自創(chuàng)建活動開展以來,職業(yè)病防治工作中“企業(yè)負責、行業(yè)管理、國家監(jiān)督、勞動者遵章守法”的良好局面正在逐步形成。但也存在著諸多問題,如參與面不廣、影響力不大、審核標準有些條款操作性不強等。本文從縣域角度出發(fā),進行創(chuàng)建活動效果評價,以期全面了解慈溪市工業(yè)企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生防治現(xiàn)狀,探索出縣域“職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)”創(chuàng)建工作的推行辦法；發(fā)現(xiàn)該市衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管薄弱行業(yè)以及職業(yè)病危害因素,從而總結(jié)經(jīng)驗有效指導(dǎo)下一步監(jiān)管工作；建立一套適合縣域工業(yè)企業(yè)監(jiān)管的長效機制；提高本地企業(yè)參與國內(nèi)國際競爭的綜合實力；同時,也可以將該項活動作為企業(yè)安全健康發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗推廣到長三角經(jīng)濟圈。 材料與方法： 1、研究對象的選擇 (1)慈溪市職業(yè)衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)況調(diào)查 通過對慈溪市衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所職業(yè)病危害企業(yè)申報資料及日常監(jiān)督資料的統(tǒng)計分析,了解慈溪市職業(yè)病危害現(xiàn)況。 (2)調(diào)查企業(yè)的選擇 從全市職業(yè)病危害企業(yè)中采用系統(tǒng)抽樣法隨機選取49家企業(yè)組成參評組,進行職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建實踐,以規(guī)模、行業(yè)及存在的職業(yè)病危害因素等作為配比條件選取相應(yīng)數(shù)量的企業(yè)(50家)組成對照組,不參與職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建實踐。 (4)問卷調(diào)查人員的選擇 每家調(diào)查企業(yè)選取企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理人員1名及該企業(yè)首要職業(yè)病危害因素的接害勞動者10名進行滿意度問卷調(diào)查。 2、調(diào)查方法 首先通過資料查閱法等對慈溪市職業(yè)衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)況進行調(diào)查研究,隨后運用專家咨詢法等對《職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建千分制考評標準》及相關(guān)滿意度調(diào)查表進行設(shè)計和修訂。對于調(diào)查企業(yè),分別于2008年12月和2011年6月分兩次用《慈溪市職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建千分制考評標準》對兩組企業(yè)進行千分制考評打分,采集兩組企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作情況,對于企業(yè)相關(guān)人員的問卷調(diào)查,每家企業(yè)調(diào)查管理人員1名,勞動者10名,分別于創(chuàng)建示范企業(yè)前后(2008年12月和2011年6月)進行兩次調(diào)查表的采集。調(diào)查員選用慈溪市衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所近兩年新錄用監(jiān)督員,學(xué)歷均在大學(xué)本科以上,調(diào)查前對調(diào)查員進行集中培訓(xùn),統(tǒng)一調(diào)查標準。 3、統(tǒng)計分析方法 調(diào)查表及數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)編碼后輸入計算機建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,在錄入程序中設(shè)置質(zhì)量控制條件。采用Epidata3.0建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,SPSS17.0進行統(tǒng)計分析�，F(xiàn)況分析采用描述性統(tǒng)計方法,組間均數(shù)比較采用t檢驗或方差分析(滿足正態(tài)、齊性時)或非參數(shù)檢驗(不滿足應(yīng)用條件時),組間率的比較采用卡方檢驗,不滿足卡方檢驗應(yīng)用條件時,采用非參數(shù)檢驗方法,檢驗水準α=0.05。 結(jié)果： 1、慈溪職業(yè)衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)況 2010年浙江省慈溪市有職業(yè)病危害申報企業(yè)425家,依據(jù)《企業(yè)登記注冊類型代碼表及經(jīng)濟類型詳細說明》分類,其中合資或外商獨資企業(yè)33家,國有或集體企業(yè)15家,個私企業(yè)132家,有限責任公司245家,分別占7.76%,3.53%,31.06%,57.65%；按行業(yè)分類主要分布最多的為日用品制造業(yè),達285家,占全部申報企業(yè)的67.06%,其它木質(zhì)家具制造業(yè)、冶煉鍛造業(yè)、汽車維修服務(wù)業(yè)、噴涂印刷業(yè)也呈一定的聚集性,分別占全部申報企業(yè)的3.76%,4.71%,8.70%,6.59%；425家申報企業(yè)共有職工95481人,其中接害工人6557人,其中接觸化學(xué)毒物3653人,接觸粉塵1243人,接觸物理因素1661人,分別占全部接害人數(shù)的55.71%,18.96%,25.33%。職業(yè)病危害申報企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理組織設(shè)置率為96%,專(兼)職管理人員配備率100%、作業(yè)場所職業(yè)病危害因素檢測評價率98.59%,開展職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護率83.94%；警示標識設(shè)置及職業(yè)病危害應(yīng)急救援預(yù)案制定方面需進一步加強,開展上述兩項工作的企業(yè)僅占所有申報企業(yè)的52.71%和52.94%；建設(shè)項目審核申請率極低,僅一家合(外)資企業(yè)開展了該項工作。 2、參評組評分高于對照組 兩組企業(yè)在職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建前考核得分無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,創(chuàng)建后兩組單項得分和總體得分情況均有所提高,但參評組的得分明顯高于對照組；參與創(chuàng)建的企業(yè)中,獲評企業(yè)的各項得分均優(yōu)于未獲評企業(yè),但未獲評企業(yè)在組織機構(gòu)和規(guī)章制度建設(shè)、履行告知義務(wù)和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生培訓(xùn)、職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護等幾項工作得分和總得分仍高于對照組,且家電行業(yè)在作業(yè)場所管理與檢測、履行告知義務(wù)和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生培訓(xùn)、職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護、職業(yè)病危害事故的應(yīng)急救援等方面得分的提高值明顯高于其他行業(yè)。 3、參評組滿意度高于對照組 本次調(diào)查共發(fā)出問卷2158份,收回有效問卷2135份,有效率為98.93%,參評組企業(yè)管理者和勞動者對企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作滿意度整體高于對照組企業(yè),參評組企業(yè)管理者與勞動者在示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建前后對企業(yè)的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作滿意度有明顯提高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.001)。 結(jié)論： 1、證實職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)在以中小企業(yè)為主的縣級市并有確有實效,可嘗試進行積極的推廣 2、慈溪市企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作取得了較大進步,其中,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)的創(chuàng)建活動對企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作促進作用明顯。經(jīng)行業(yè)比較顯示,家電行業(yè)的創(chuàng)建效果更為明顯,提示可以以家電行業(yè)為重點繼續(xù)深入推進創(chuàng)建。 3、深入開展職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)創(chuàng)建工作,有利于增強用人單位自覺、自愿、自發(fā)開展職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)工作,維護勞動者權(quán)益。 4、進一步完善了適合慈溪特點的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生示范企業(yè)考評標準,同時,可進一步探索部門協(xié)同在慈溪職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管長效機制中的重要作用。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose:
The WHO (WHO) clearly points out that occupational health plays an increasingly important role in promoting the construction and development of industrial economy. In 70s, some developed countries have promulgated occupational health laws and regulations in order to promote the sustainable development of the social economy and provide legal guarantee for the development of a good public image for the development of enterprises. Since 2002. According to the introduction of the law on prevention and control of occupational diseases in People's Republic of China (No. sixtieth of the People's Republic of China chairman), the framework of the legal system for prevention and control of occupational diseases in China has been preliminarily established and the prevention and control of occupational diseases have been effectively strengthened. However, the current occupational hazards in China are still very severe, according to the Ministry of health in 2005. The total statistics show that the population of occupational hazards in China is the first in the world, more than 1600 million enterprises involving toxic and harmful operations, more than 200 million of the occupational hazards and hundreds of billions of dollars in direct economic loss, and occupational disease has become a major public health and social problem in the society of sixteen in October,.2005. The Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifth Plenary Session explicitly proposed the "active prevention and control of occupational diseases", and incorporated the relevant contents into the "11th Five-Year" plan, the same year, the Ministry of health, the State Administration of safety and production supervision and management, and the national general trade union of China selected a number of national level professional health demonstration enterprises, with a point of view and enhanced the conscientious implementation of the employers. The awareness of laws and regulations also shows that the state's concern for occupational hygiene has increased to a higher level.
Since 2005, most of the "professional health demonstration enterprises" have been carried out at the level of prefectural and above level since the national occupational health demonstration enterprise was carried out in 2005. The report on the practice of establishing a professional health demonstration enterprise based on the county level is rare. Cixi City, Zhejiang province is located on the South Bank of the Hangzhou Bay, which is the 2 hour economic circle of the Yangtze River Delta. In the central area, the manufacturing industry is extremely developed and there are thousands of enterprises, among which the small and medium enterprises occupy the majority. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have a lack of awareness of the main responsibility of occupational health prevention and control, the safety and health of the workers and workers, the serious shortage of occupational health investment, and the far from the requirements of the People's Republic of China occupational disease prevention and control law. Cixi has carried out in 2008. "The demonstration enterprise of occupational health" is still a stage of exploration. Since the establishment of the activities, the good situation of "enterprise responsibility, industry management, state supervision and compliance with the law of workers" is being gradually formed in the work of occupational disease prevention and control. But there are many problems, such as the lack of participation, the little influence, and the operation of some terms and conditions of the audit standards. In order to understand the status of occupational health prevention and control of industrial enterprises in Cixi and explore the implementation methods of the "professional health demonstration enterprise" in the county, this paper makes a comprehensive understanding of the status of occupational health prevention and control in the industrial enterprises in the county, and finds out the weak industry of health supervision in the city and the hazards of occupational diseases, so as to sum up the experience effectively. One step of supervision will be guided, a long-term mechanism suitable for the supervision of industrial enterprises in the county is set up, and the comprehensive strength of local enterprises to participate in domestic and international competition is improved. At the same time, it can also be extended to the economic circle of the Yangtze River Delta as the experience of the safe and healthy development of the enterprise.
Materials and methods:
1, the choice of the research object
(1) investigation on the current situation of occupational health in Cixi
Through the statistical analysis of the declared data and daily supervision data of occupational hazards enterprises in Cixi City, we understand the current situation of occupational hazards in Cixi.
(2) investigation of the choice of enterprises
The system sampling method was used to select 49 enterprises randomly from the occupational disease hazard enterprises in the city, to establish the practice of the professional health demonstration enterprises, to select the corresponding number of enterprises (50) as the control group by scale, industry and the existing occupational hazards, and not to participate in the establishment of a demonstration enterprise of occupational health. Practice.
(4) the selection of questionnaire investigators
Each survey enterprise selects 1 occupational health management personnel and 10 workers who are the main occupational hazards of the enterprise to conduct a questionnaire survey.
2, the method of investigation
First of all, the status of occupational health in Cixi was investigated by means of data access method, and then the expert consultation method was used to design and revise the questionnaire on the establishment of the standard for the evaluation of the occupational health demonstration enterprises and the related satisfaction questionnaire. In December 2008 and June 2011, the survey enterprises were divided into two occupational health guards in Cixi, respectively. The student demonstration enterprise set up the test and evaluation standard for the thousand points system for two groups of enterprises, collect two groups of enterprises' occupational health work, survey the relevant personnel of the enterprises, 1 managers and 10 workers of each enterprise, and make two investigations before and after the establishment of the demonstration enterprise (December 2008 and June 2011). The surveyor selected the newly recruited supervisor of the Cixi Municipal Health Supervision Institute for the last two years, all of which were above the undergraduate level. Before the investigation, the investigators conducted the centralized training of the investigators and unified the investigation standards.
3, statistical analysis method
The questionnaire and data are encoded by the input computer to establish the database, the quality control conditions are set up in the entry program. The database is set up by Epidata3.0 and SPSS17.0 is used for statistical analysis. The present condition analysis adopts the descriptive statistics method. The average number of groups is compared with t test or variance analysis (satisfied normal, homogeneity) or nonparametric test (dissatisfaction). When the condition of foot was applied, the chi square test was used to compare the rates between groups. When the application conditions of chi square test were not met, the non parametric test method was used to test the level of alpha =0.05..
Result錛，

本文編號：1827907