本文選題：人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型 + 局部換熱��； 參考：《青島理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：舒適健康的室內(nèi)環(huán)境對(duì)人們的工作、生活有著積極的作用。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，人們更加關(guān)心舒適的室內(nèi)環(huán)境，人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型與熱舒適理論的研究緊密相連，密不可分，并且熱調(diào)節(jié)模型能夠?yàn)楣こ虘?yīng)用提供預(yù)測(cè)工具。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)熱調(diào)節(jié)模型的研究大都是在常壓環(huán)境下展開(kāi)的，而在日常生活中，人們還常會(huì)身處低壓環(huán)境中，有時(shí)也會(huì)處于非均勻的熱環(huán)境中，抑或即使所處熱環(huán)境的參數(shù)分布均勻，但因身體不同部位（如頭部和軀干）著衣量的不同，導(dǎo)致身體不同部位所處的熱環(huán)境不同，從而身體各部位的局部換熱量不同。本文重點(diǎn)針對(duì)低氣壓環(huán)境，在人體局部換熱的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型進(jìn)行了深入探討，進(jìn)而建立低氣壓環(huán)境下的人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型，并確定了低壓熱舒適區(qū)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： 首先在總結(jié)人體熱調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上，從生理學(xué)角度分析了低氣壓環(huán)境下人體熱調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)中的主要生理參數(shù)，進(jìn)而設(shè)計(jì)了低壓環(huán)境人體熱調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)中，對(duì)各參數(shù)（大氣壓力、活動(dòng)水平、環(huán)境溫度）下的人體新陳代謝量及皮膚溫度等生理參數(shù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)測(cè)，結(jié)合主觀問(wèn)卷，建立了局部皮膚溫度與熱感覺(jué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)關(guān)聯(lián)式，得出了表征皮膚溫度的表達(dá)式，經(jīng)驗(yàn)證，該表達(dá)式可以較好地預(yù)測(cè)不同大氣壓力、不同環(huán)境溫度及不同活動(dòng)水平下的人體熱感覺(jué)。 通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)生理參數(shù)的分析，可以得出：人體平均皮膚溫度隨壓力的降低變化不顯著，但局部皮膚溫度隨壓力的變化并不一致，其顯著性隨人體部位不同而不同，新陳代謝量則隨壓力的降低而增加。同時(shí)依據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)生理參數(shù)隨壓力的變化規(guī)律，得出了低氣壓環(huán)境下人體局部對(duì)流、輻射及蒸發(fā)換熱量公式，建立了低壓環(huán)境人體與周?chē)h(huán)境間的局部傳熱方程；通過(guò)對(duì)新陳代謝率進(jìn)行低壓下的修正，結(jié)合兩節(jié)點(diǎn)模型，得到了可用于低壓環(huán)境的Gagge兩節(jié)點(diǎn)模型。 其次，利用所得到的低氣壓環(huán)境下人體局部換熱量公式分析了低氣壓環(huán)境下人體各部位實(shí)際的散熱量的變化規(guī)律，并與用傳統(tǒng)的人體平均皮膚溫度法得出的換熱量值進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，兩個(gè)方法隨壓力的變化趨勢(shì)相同，但換熱量值略有不同。此外，人體著衣量不同，會(huì)導(dǎo)致低壓下人體各部位的散熱量的變化規(guī)律不同，因此，在低壓環(huán)境下的人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型中，考慮人體各部位換熱的影響具有重要意義。 最后，利用低壓下人體的局部傳熱方程，建立了皮膚的總散熱數(shù)學(xué)模型。并綜合人體的代謝量、呼吸散熱量以及修正后的低壓兩節(jié)點(diǎn)模型，建立了低壓環(huán)境下基于局部散熱的人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了模型在各工況下的準(zhǔn)確性。進(jìn)而利用低壓下人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型預(yù)測(cè)了各種環(huán)境參數(shù)下的皮膚溫度、核心溫度及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有效溫度，，繪制了低壓下的等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有效溫度線。在分析低氣壓下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有效溫度的變化規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有效溫度與人體平均熱感覺(jué)投票MTS的線性擬合關(guān)系，并確定了低壓下的熱舒適區(qū)，為低氣壓下人體熱調(diào)節(jié)及熱舒適的研究奠定了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The comfortable and healthy indoor environment has a positive effect on people's work and life. With the development of the society and the growth of the economy, people are more concerned about the comfortable indoor environment. The heat adjustment model of human body is closely connected with the research of thermal comfort theory, and the heat adjustment model can provide a prediction tool for the engineering application. Most of the research on heat regulation model is carried out in ambient pressure. In daily life, people often live in low pressure environment, sometimes in non-uniform thermal environment, or even if the parameters of the thermal environment are evenly distributed, the body varies with different parts of the body (such as head and trunk), resulting in a different body. The heat environment in the parts of the body is different, thus the local heat transfer of each part of the body is different. This paper focuses on the human body heat regulation model based on the low pressure environment, and then establishes the heat adjustment model of the human body under the low pressure environment, and determines the low pressure thermal comfort zone. The main contents are as follows. Below:
On the basis of summarizing the mechanism of human heat regulation, the main physiological parameters in the human body heat regulation system under the low pressure environment are analyzed from the physiological point of view, and then the experiment of the human body heat regulation system in low pressure environment is designed. In the experiment, the metabolism and skin temperature of the human body under the various parameters (atmospheric pressure, active water level, environmental temperature) The experimental correlation of the local skin temperature and thermal sensation was established by the subjective questionnaire. The expression of the skin temperature was obtained. It was proved that the expression could predict the thermal sensation of human body under different atmospheric pressure, different ambient temperature and different activity level.
Through the analysis of the measured physiological parameters, it can be concluded that the average skin temperature changes with the pressure is not significant, but the local skin temperature varies with the pressure, its significance varies with the body parts, and the metabolic amount increases with the decrease of pressure. Meanwhile, the measured physiological parameters vary with the pressure. The formula of local convection, radiation and evaporation heat transfer in low pressure environment is obtained. The local heat transfer equation between the human body and the surrounding environment in low pressure environment is established. By modifying the metabolic rate under low pressure and combining the two node model, the Gagge two node model can be obtained for low pressure environment.
Secondly, using the local heat transfer formula under the low pressure environment, the change law of the actual heat dissipation in various parts of the human body under the low pressure environment is analyzed, and the comparison analysis is made with the value of heat exchange obtained from the traditional human body average skin temperature method. The two methods are the same with the pressure change, but the heat exchange value is slight. In addition, the variation of heat dissipation in human body parts under low pressure is different. Therefore, it is of great significance to consider the influence of heat transfer in human body parts in the heat regulation model of human body under low pressure.
Finally, by using the local heat transfer equation under the low pressure, the mathematical model of the total heat dissipation of the skin is established, and the body metabolism, the amount of respiration and the modified low pressure two node model are combined to establish the heat regulation model based on the local heat dissipation under the low pressure environment, and the model is verified by the experimental data. And then, the skin temperature, core temperature and standard effective temperature under various environmental parameters are predicted by the model of human body heat regulation under low pressure. The standard effective temperature lines under low pressure are drawn. Based on the analysis of the change law of the standard effective temperature under the low pressure, the standard effective temperature and the average heat sensation vote of the human body are established. The linear fitting relationship of MTS and the thermal comfort zone under low pressure were determined, which laid a theoretical foundation for the study of thermal regulation and thermal comfort of human body under low atmospheric pressure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R122.22

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