發(fā)布時間：2018-04-21 15:29

  本文選題：藺草 + 粉塵暴露�。� 參考：《寧波大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：藺草加工工人常暴露于嚴(yán)重的粉塵污染，出現(xiàn)塵肺等嚴(yán)重肺部損害。藺草塵肺是藺草工人肺損害的較嚴(yán)重階段，本研究通過分析粉塵暴露和吸煙等因素對藺草作業(yè)工人肺功能的影響，探討在較早階段防止藺草工人肺損害的發(fā)生，從而保護(hù)藺草加工工人的職業(yè)健康。 方法：選擇10家進(jìn)行過職業(yè)衛(wèi)生申報的藺草加工廠進(jìn)行粉塵污染情況調(diào)查，并查閱企業(yè)職業(yè)健康檔案。在10家工廠里選擇200名在崗工人作為暴露組進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查和體檢，選擇與暴露組工人年齡、籍貫等相似的上崗前工人200名作為對照組，對比分析粉塵暴露、吸煙等因素對工人肺功能的影響。根據(jù)資料不同，用卡方檢驗、方差分析等方法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。用Epidata3.1和SAS9.1進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入和分析。 結(jié)果：拔草、揀草和編織崗位呼吸性粉塵濃度分別為2.820.13mg/m~3、2.480.10mg/m~3、1.830.31mg/m~3。均高于國家限值（0.7mg/m~3,PC-TWA）。接塵組FEV.1%小于80%的例數(shù)多于對照組。兩組FEV.1%比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（t=-7.49,P0.01），F(xiàn)EV.1%隨接塵工齡增加而降低（r=-0.499,P=0.008）。吸煙與接塵暴露有協(xié)同作用（F=31.72,P0.001）。按工作場所職業(yè)病危害作業(yè)分級（第1部分：生產(chǎn)性粉塵GBZ/T229.1-2010），拔草和揀草崗位的G值分別為11.2和7.5，為中度危害作業(yè)。編織崗位的G值為5.4，為輕度危害作業(yè)。累計接塵量上限lgd與肺功能累計異常率間存在回歸方程：logit(P)=9.714lgd-20.137（F=40.06,P0.001）。如果把肺功能異常率控制在11.1%，以藺草行業(yè)工人平均每天工作10小時，從事藺草加工工作30年計算，呼吸性粉塵濃度不得超過0.4mg/m~3。 結(jié)論：藺草加工行業(yè)粉塵污染狀況相比前幾年有所改善，但與國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比仍有較大差距，，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)粉塵污染的治理。肺功能指標(biāo)FEV.1%對藺草工人肺損害的防治有重要的參考意義。粉塵暴露和吸煙都會造成藺草工人肺功能的損傷。兩者的協(xié)同效應(yīng)大于單獨效應(yīng)。粉塵污染與肺功能異常率間存在劑量-反應(yīng)關(guān)系，呼吸性粉塵濃度0.4mg/m~3對藺草工人肺損害的防治有重要的參考意義。
[Abstract]:Objective: rush workers are often exposed to severe dust pollution, pneumoconiosis and other serious lung damage. Rush pneumoconiosis is a serious stage of lung damage in rush workers. By analyzing the effects of dust exposure and smoking on lung function of rush workers, this study discussed how to prevent lung damage in early stage. Thus protecting the occupational health of rush processing workers. Methods: the dust pollution was investigated in 10 iris-processing plants with occupational health declaration, and the occupational health records of the enterprises were consulted. In 10 factories, 200 on-the-job workers were selected as exposure group for questionnaire survey and physical examination, 200 workers who were similar in age and place of origin as control group were selected as control group. Dust exposure was compared and analyzed. Effects of smoking and other factors on lung function of workers. According to the different data, chi-square test, variance analysis and other methods are used for data analysis. Use Epidata3.1 and SAS9.1 to input and analyze data. Results: the concentration of respiratory dust in weeding, grass picking and weaving was 2.820.13 mg / m ~ (-1) ~ (3) ~ (-1) ~ 31.830.31 mg 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) ~ (-1) respectively. It is higher than the national limit value of 0.7 mg / m ~ (3) PC-TWAA. The number of cases with FEV.1% less than 80% in dust exposure group was more than that in control group. The difference of FEV.1% between the two groups was statistically significant (P 0.01%). The FEV.1% decreased with the increase of the length of exposure to dust. Smoking had synergistic effect with exposure to dust. According to the occupational hazard work classification of workplace (part 1: productive dust GBZ- / T229.1-2010), the G values of weeding and weeding were 11.2 and 7.5, respectively, which were moderately hazardous. The G value of braiding post is 5.4, which is a mild hazard operation. There was a regression equation between the upper limit of cumulative dust exposure (lgd) and the cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function. If the abnormal rate of lung function is controlled at 11.1, the average daily working time of iris-rush workers is 10 hours, and the concentration of respiratory dust should not exceed 0.4mg / mc3in 30 years of iris-rush processing. Conclusion: the dust pollution in rush processing industry has been improved compared with the previous years, but there is still a big gap compared with the national standard, so it is necessary to further strengthen the dust pollution control. The pulmonary function index FEV.1% has important reference significance for prevention and treatment of lung damage in rush workers. Dust exposure and smoking can damage the lung function of rush workers. The synergistic effect of the two is greater than that of the single effect. There is a dose-response relationship between dust pollution and abnormal lung function. 0.4mg/m~3 of respiratory dust concentration has important reference significance for prevention and treatment of lung damage in rush workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R131

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