本文選題：基準劑量 + 鉛接觸��； 參考：《中南大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：[目的]通過回顧性隊列調(diào)查,初步探討某鉛鋅冶煉企業(yè)工人的鉛累計接觸劑量與鉛中毒以及血鉛、尿鉛和血鋅卟啉等有關(guān)指標異常的劑量-反應關(guān)系,為作業(yè)場所空氣鉛衛(wèi)生標準的修訂和職業(yè)性慢性鉛中毒的防治提供參考依據(jù)。 [方法]選擇某鉛鋅冶煉企業(yè)自1988年1月1日至2008年12月31日接觸鉛的職工為研究對象,回顧性調(diào)查每年職業(yè)病體檢資料和車間空氣鉛監(jiān)測資料。采用石墨爐原子吸收光譜法或雙硫腙法測定血液和空氣中鉛的含量,血液熒光法測定血鋅原卟啉,紫外熒光法測定尿糞卟啉。所有數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS統(tǒng)計分析鉛中毒發(fā)生率、血鉛和尿鉛及血鋅卟啉異常率,以及各項指標相關(guān)性。采用BMD Version2.2.1軟件計算基準劑量(BMD)和BMD的95%可信區(qū)間下限(BMDL),并描繪其劑量反應關(guān)系曲線圖,計算控制鉛中毒和血鉛、尿鉛及血鋅卟啉異常的空氣鉛濃度基準劑量。 [結(jié)果]在接觸鉛塵(煙)的累計劑量與各效應指標相關(guān)分析中,累計劑量與血鉛、尿鉛、血鋅卟啉之間均存在正相關(guān),其相關(guān)程度依次為血鉛尿鉛血鋅卟啉；尿鉛、血鉛、血鋅卟啉兩兩之間存在正相關(guān),密切程度依次為血鉛-血鋅卟啉血鉛-尿鉛血鋅卟啉-尿鉛；尿糞卟啉與血鋅卟啉、尿鉛存在正相關(guān),其密切程度依次為血鋅卟啉尿鉛。鉛中毒發(fā)生率、血鉛和尿鉛及血鋅卟啉異常率隨鉛塵(煙)接觸劑量的增加而升高,存在劑量反應關(guān)系,經(jīng)趨勢卡方檢驗差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(p0.001)。鉛塵接觸組的鉛中毒、血鋅卟啉、血鉛、尿鉛的BMDL值依次為0.0228mg/m3、0.0434mg/m3、0.0580mg/m3、0.0017mg/m3,鉛煙接觸組的鉛中毒、血鋅卟啉、血鉛的BMDL值依次為0.0100mg/m3、0.0174mg/m3、0.0148mg/m3。鉛中毒BMDL值為0.0228mg/m3(塵)、0.0100mg/m3(煙),比我國現(xiàn)行鉛塵(煙)的衛(wèi)生標準(TWA)略低。 [結(jié)論]①累計接觸劑量可作為鉛作業(yè)工人較好的接觸指標,血鉛、血鋅卟啉可以反映接觸劑量的效應指標。②控制鉛中毒發(fā)生的BMDL值為：0.0228mg/M3(鉛塵)；0.0100mg/M3(鉛煙),提示在現(xiàn)有的國家衛(wèi)生標準下鉛接觸作業(yè)仍可能導致鉛中毒的發(fā)生。③基準劑量法用于人群蓄積性化學毒物接觸與生物效應的劑量-反應關(guān)系研究是合適的,其結(jié)果可作為這類化學物制定職業(yè)接觸限值的重要依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:[objective] by retrospective cohort investigation, the dose-response relationship of cumulative exposure dose of lead to lead poisoning, blood lead, urine lead and blood zinc porphyrin in workers of a certain lead-zinc smelting enterprise was preliminarily studied. To provide reference for revision of hygienic standard of lead in air and prevention and treatment of occupational chronic lead poisoning. [methods] the workers exposed to lead from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 2008 in a lead-zinc smelting enterprise were selected as the research objects. The data of annual occupational disease medical examination and air lead monitoring in the workshop were retrospectively investigated. The contents of lead in blood and air were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry or dithizone method. Blood zinc protoporphyrin was determined by blood fluorescence method and urine fecal porphyrin was determined by ultraviolet fluorescence method. The incidence of lead poisoning, the abnormal rate of blood lead, urine lead and zinc porphyrin, and the correlation of various indexes were analyzed by SPSS. BMD Version2.2.1 software was used to calculate the lower limit of 95% confidence interval (BMD) and the 95% confidence interval of BMD. The curve of dose-response relationship was described, and the reference dose of air lead concentration for controlling lead poisoning and abnormal blood lead, urine lead and blood zinc porphyrin was calculated. [results] in the correlation analysis between the accumulative dose of exposure to lead dust (smoke) and each effect index, there was a positive correlation between accumulative dose and blood lead, urine lead, blood zinc porphyrin, the correlation degree was blood lead urine lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine lead, blood lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine lead, blood lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine lead, blood lead, There is a positive correlation between blood zinc porphyrin and urine zinc porphyrin, the close degree is blood lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin and urine zinc porphyrin. The incidence of lead poisoning, the abnormal rate of blood lead, urine lead and blood zinc porphyrin increased with the increase of exposure dose of lead dust (smoke). The BMDL value of lead poisoning was 0.0228mg / m3, which was slightly lower than that of the current hygienic standard of lead dust (smoke) in China. [conclusion] 1 the accumulative exposure dose can be used as a better exposure index for workers exposed to lead. Blood zinc porphyrin can reflect the effect index of exposure dose. 2. The BMDL value of controlling lead poisoning is: 0. 0228 mg / M 3 (lead dust 0.0100 mg / M 3), indicating that lead exposure can still lead to lead poisoning under the existing national health standards. Dose method is suitable for the study of dose-response relationship between accumulative chemical toxicant exposure and biological effects. The results can be used as an important basis for the establishment of occupational exposure limits for these chemicals.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R131

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