本文選題：民族 + 孕婦　； 參考：《新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：了解昌吉州回、哈、維、漢四個民族孕婦的膳食營養(yǎng)現(xiàn)況,建立各民族孕婦膳食模式,同時對其膳食結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對比分析,提出合理對策,指導(dǎo)婦幼保健。方法：采用分層整群抽樣的方法隨機(jī)抽取昌吉州一市兩縣中晚期孕婦1508名。1.面對面問卷詢問的方式對調(diào)查對象進(jìn)行基本情況調(diào)查。2.24小時膳食回顧法進(jìn)行膳食調(diào)查,計算出調(diào)查對象每日食物和營養(yǎng)素的攝入量,并將結(jié)果與我國每日膳食營養(yǎng)素參考攝入量(DRIs)進(jìn)行比較分析。3用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。結(jié)果：1.基本情況：1508名孕婦符合研究條件,其中回族437名(占28.98%),哈薩克族312名(占20.68%),維吾爾族187名(占12.40%),漢族512名(占37.94%)：年齡范圍為20-35歲,平均年齡為(25.12±2.80)歲,25-29歲占構(gòu)成比最多；文化程度以初中占構(gòu)成比最多；家庭人均月收入以1000～2000元最多；體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)18.5-24正常值范圍占構(gòu)成比最多；比較回、哈、維、漢孕婦基本情況(年齡、居住地、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、孕前BMI構(gòu)成),差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。2.膳食營養(yǎng)狀況：各民族孕婦膳食構(gòu)成不合理且四個民族間存在差異(P0.05)；三大產(chǎn)熱營養(yǎng)素攝入基本合理且四個民族間存在差異(P0.05)；各民族孕婦膳食營養(yǎng)素中銅、鈉、磷、維生素E、煙酸攝入超標(biāo)；膳食纖維、鈣攝入量不足；碘、維生素D、維生素B6、葉酸攝入嚴(yán)重缺乏；其他營養(yǎng)素基本達(dá)標(biāo)。除碳水化合物、硫胺素外其他營養(yǎng)素平均攝入量在四個民族孕婦間均存在差異(P0.05)；各民族孕婦蛋白質(zhì)來源以植物性蛋白為主,且動物性蛋白、植物性蛋白在四個民族孕婦間均存在差異(P0.05)；各民族孕婦膳食鐵來源以植物性為主,且動物性膳食鐵、植物性膳食鐵在四個民族孕婦間均存在差異(P0.05)。結(jié)論：不同民族孕婦有各自的飲食特性,差異顯著。應(yīng)根據(jù)孕婦不同的飲食特性進(jìn)行針對性的膳食營養(yǎng)指導(dǎo),改善孕婦營養(yǎng)膳食,促進(jìn)孕婦及胎兒健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the present status of dietary nutrition of pregnant women from Hui, Kazak, Wei and Han nationalities in Changji Prefecture, and to establish the dietary pattern of pregnant women from different nationalities, at the same time, to compare and analyze the dietary structure of pregnant women, and to put forward reasonable countermeasures to guide maternal and child health care.Methods: 1508 pregnant women were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling.The method of face-to-face questionnaire was used to investigate the basic situation of the subjects. 2.24 hours diet review method was used to investigate the diet, and the daily intake of food and nutrients was calculated.The results were compared with the daily dietary nutrient reference intake (DRI) in China. 3. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS17.0 software.The result is 1: 1.The basic condition: 1508 pregnant women were eligible for the study, of which 437 were Hui (28.98%), 312 Kazakh (20.68%), 187 Uygur (12.40%), 512 Han (37.9444): the age range was 20-35 years, and the average age was 25.12 鹵2.80 years (25-29 years).The proportion of educational level in junior middle school is the most; the average monthly income of families is 1000 to 2,000 yuan; the body mass index (BMI) is the highest in the range of 18.5-24. The basic conditions of pregnant women (age, residence, education level) are compared.The average monthly income of family and BMI before pregnancy were significantly different (P < 0.05).Dietary nutrition status: the dietary composition of pregnant women of different nationalities is unreasonable and there are differences among the four ethnic groups (P0.05), the intake of three major thermal nutrients is basically reasonable and the differences exist among the four ethnic groups (P0.05), the dietary nutrients of pregnant women of all nationalities are copper, sodium and phosphorus,Vitamin E, nicotinic acid intake exceeded standard; dietary fiber, calcium intake was insufficient; iodine, vitamin D, vitamin B6, folic acid intake was seriously deficient; other nutrients were basically up to standard.The average intake of other nutrients except carbohydrate and thiamine was different among pregnant women of four nationalities (P 0.05). The protein source of pregnant women of different nationalities was mainly from plant protein and animal protein.The difference of phytoprotein among pregnant women of four nationalities was P0.05.The dietary iron sources of pregnant women of all nationalities were mainly vegetative, and the difference of dietary iron from animal and phytodietary iron was significant among the pregnant women of four nationalities (P 0.05).Conclusion: pregnant women of different nationalities have their own dietary characteristics and the differences are significant.In order to improve the nutritional diet of pregnant women and promote the health of pregnant women and fetuses, different dietary guidance should be carried out according to the different dietary characteristics of pregnant women.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R173

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 蔡衛(wèi)華;張國華;岑賽寧;;胎兒生長受限與孕婦紅細(xì)胞葉酸缺乏的相關(guān)性研究[J];中國婦幼保健;2008年09期

，

本文編號：1751760