本文選題：生長發(fā)育　切入點(diǎn)：身體形態(tài)　出處：《大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：兒童青少年是祖國的未來與希望。生長發(fā)育是兒童青少年期的基本生命現(xiàn)象，其生長發(fā)育狀況與成年后的健康密切相關(guān)。監(jiān)測和評價兒童青少年的生長發(fā)育狀況，對于健康者，生長發(fā)育狀況可反映其目前所達(dá)到的生長水平及發(fā)育潛力，對于患病兒童，有助于早期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病，并及時對癥治療。 兒童青少年的肥胖問題已成為全國乃至世界性的公共衛(wèi)生問題。隨著生活水平的提高和生活方式的改變，我國青少年肥胖問題日趨嚴(yán)重，它不僅危害著青少年的健康成長，也是成年期肥胖、高血壓、心血管疾病和糖尿病等多種疾病的重要危險因素。肥胖對兒童青少年的生理和心理均造成較大影響。因此兒童青少年的肥胖問題必須引起足夠的關(guān)注。 通過追蹤研究大連市7-12歲小學(xué)生的身高、體重、胸圍3個形態(tài)指標(biāo)及衍生指標(biāo)BMI和維爾維克指數(shù)，分析大連市兒童青少年的身體形態(tài)的生長發(fā)育變化規(guī)律，根據(jù)“中國學(xué)齡兒童青少年超重、肥胖篩查體重指數(shù)（BMI）分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”評價超重與肥胖，分析大連市兒童青少年超重與肥胖率的變化趨勢。為制定營養(yǎng)狀況評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、學(xué)校體育衛(wèi)生決策及保健措施提供依據(jù)。 方法：采用分層整群抽樣方法從大連市4個區(qū)(中山區(qū)、西崗區(qū)、沙河口區(qū)、甘井子區(qū))148所小學(xué)抽取基礎(chǔ)樣本。以區(qū)作為層，學(xué)校作為群。先從4個區(qū)中隨機(jī)抽取2個區(qū)（中山區(qū)、沙河口區(qū)），再根據(jù)2003年各學(xué)校招生規(guī)模，從這2個區(qū)中共抽取11所學(xué)校，最后11所學(xué)校中1059名2003年入學(xué)的小學(xué)生進(jìn)入本次研究。 從樣本中剔除有生長發(fā)育缺陷疾病的小學(xué)生、父母非中國人的小學(xué)生、出生日期不在1996.6.1-1997.5.31年間的小學(xué)生,最終934名學(xué)生進(jìn)入研究。出生日期由入學(xué)登記獲得。精確到小數(shù)的年齡由測量日期減去出生日期得出。測量身高、體重、胸圍3個形態(tài)指標(biāo)，并計算衍生指標(biāo)BMI和維爾維克指數(shù)，共5個指標(biāo)作為分析變量。 采用雙因素多水平重復(fù)測量方差分析法分析男、女生6年間身高、體重、胸圍、BMI及維爾維克指數(shù)等形態(tài)指標(biāo)的動態(tài)變化，采用卡方檢驗(yàn)分析超重與肥胖率的動態(tài)變化趨勢。使用SPSS13.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果：男、女生的身高、體重、胸圍隨年齡增加呈現(xiàn)不同幅度的增長趨勢。7-12歲間，11-12歲男生身高、體重生長速度最大；10-11歲女生身高、體重生長速度處于較高水平，身高與體重的生長速度具有一致性。9歲起，女生胸圍的年增長量大于男生。男生在9-10歲時，維爾維克指數(shù)的年生長速度最大，而女生在11-12時，維爾維克指數(shù)的生長速度最大。 肥胖率與超重率，男生始終高于女生。男生的超重與肥胖比例與7歲相比，每年均有增加；從逐年變化看，7-10歲呈增加趨勢，9-10歲變化幅度最大，10歲與11歲相比無變化，12歲相對11歲，比例下降。女生只有在9歲與7歲相比超重肥胖比例增大，其余年齡段的變化無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。大連市7-12歲城市兒童青少年的超重與肥胖率高于全國平均水平。 結(jié)論：大連市7-12歲的兒童青少年各形態(tài)指標(biāo)隨著年齡的增加呈現(xiàn)增長趨勢，生長發(fā)育從整體上還處于快速增長階段。身高、體重、胸圍、BMI和維爾維克指數(shù)均存在“性別差異”�？偟膩碚f，男生的生長發(fā)育水平大于女生。 男女各指標(biāo)的生長速度不同，男生與女生的變化曲線均出現(xiàn)過交叉。從各指標(biāo)的生長速度看，男生的身高生長高峰期在研究期內(nèi)無法確定，女生的身高生長高峰期在10-11歲；男女生的體重在研究期內(nèi)生長速度均隨年齡的增加呈加快趨勢；男生在9-10歲胸圍生長速度最快，女生在10-11歲生長速度最快。我們可以根據(jù)指標(biāo)的快速生長高峰期采取一定的干預(yù)措施，保證兒童青少年的健康成長。 大連市兒童青少年的超重與肥胖率依然處于增加的趨勢，且高于國家的平均水平，男生在10歲前，，女生在9歲前（特別是肥胖的危險期8-9歲）采取一定的有效、可行的干預(yù)措施控制體重預(yù)防肥胖具有重大意義。注意飲食平衡，加強(qiáng)體育鍛煉，增加健康知識，提高健康意識，社會、家長或監(jiān)護(hù)人以及兒童青少年共同努力，以保證兒童青少年的健康成長。
[Abstract]:Objective: children and adolescents are the future and hope of the motherland. The growth and development of children and adolescents is the basic life phenomenon, its status and adult growth after health are closely related. The growth and development status of monitoring and evaluation of children and adolescents, for health, growth and development can reflect the present the growth level and the development potential. For sick children, contribute to the early detection of the disease, and timely symptomatic treatment.
The problem of obesity in children and adolescents has become a public health problem in the country and the world. With the improvement of living standards and the change of life style, Chinese adolescent obesity is becoming a serious problem, it not only harms the health of teenagers, but also adult obesity, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes is an important risk factor for many diseases obesity. Children's physiological and psychological impact. Therefore obesity in children and adolescents should be paid enough attention.
By tracking of primary school pupils in Dalian city at age 7-12 in height, weight, chest circumference 3 morphological indexes and derivative index BMI and Weil Vic index, analysis of the growth and development of children and adolescents in Dalian city and the change of body shape, according to the "China school-age children and adolescents are overweight, obesity, body mass index (BMI) for screening overweight and obesity classification standards" evaluation, analysis the change trend of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in Dalian. For the establishment of evaluation standard of nutritional status, provide the basis for the school sports health policy and health care measures.
Methods: from the 4 District of Dalian city by stratified cluster sampling method (Zhongshan District, Xigang District, Shahekou District, Ganjingzi District) 148 primary school. In areas as the basis of sample extraction, as the school group. The 2 area were randomly selected from 4 district (Shahekou District Zhongshan District), and then according to the 2003 school enrollment, from these 2 areas were selected from the 11 schools, on the 1059 2003 enrolled students entered the final in 11 schools.
From the sample to eliminate defective disease growth of pupils, parents Chinese pupils, date of birth is not in the 1996.6.1-1997.5.31 years of primary school students, 934 students entered the study. The final birth date obtained by enrollment. Accurate to the decimal age by measuring date minus the date of birth. The measurement of height, weight, chest circumference 3 forms the index, and calculate the derivative index BMI and weierweike index, a total of 5 indicators as analysis variables.
The dynamic changes of body height, body weight, chest circumference, BMI and Weil Vic index were analyzed by double factor, multi level repeated measurement analysis of variance. Chi square test was used to analyze the dynamic trend of overweight and obesity rate. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS13.0. 6
Results: male, female height, body weight, chest circumference increased with age showed a different growth trend between.7-12 years old, 11-12 years old boy height, weight growth rate; 10-11 year old girls' height, weight growth rate at a high level, the growth rate of height and weight with the annual growth rate of.9 years old, girls the chest is greater than boys. Boys at the age of 9-10, weierweike index annual growth rate is the highest, while girls in 11-12, the growth rate of weierweike index is the largest.
The rate of obesity and overweight, boys always higher than girls. Boys are overweight and obesity ratio compared with the 7 years old, every year has increased from year to year changes; at the age of 7-10, increased 9-10, the maximum variation, at the age of 10 and 11 compared with no change, 12 years old at the age of 11. The relative decline in the proportion of girls only in. The 9 year old and 7 year old compared to increase the proportion of overweight and obesity, changes in the other age groups had no statistical significance. The overweight and obese adolescent children aged 7-12 in Dalian city was higher than the national average.
Conclusion: the 7-12 year old children and adolescents in Dalian city with the morphological index growth trend increasing age, growth and development as a whole is still in the stage of rapid growth. The height, weight, chest circumference, BMI index and Weil Vic are "gender differences". In general, the growth level of boys than girls.
The growth rate of each index of men and women are different curves of boys and girls have had cross. From the growth rate of each index, height growth peak boys cannot be determined during the study period, female height growth peak at the age of 10-11; the weight of male and female students in the study period, the growth rate increased as age increases. To accelerate the trend; the boys grew fastest at the age of 9-10 girls in the 10-11 year old bust, the fastest growth rate. We can take some intervention measures according to the rapid growth of the peak index, to ensure the healthy development of children and adolescents.
Overweight and obese children and adolescents in Dalian city the rate is still increasing, and higher than the national average, the boys at the age of 10, girls under the age of 9 (especially dangerous period obese 8-9 year old) to take some effective measures and feasible intervention for weight control obesity prevention is of great significance. A balanced diet, strengthen physical exercise, increase health knowledge, improve health consciousness, society, parents or guardians and children together, in order to ensure the healthy development of children and adolescents.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R179

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