本文選題：手工搬舉作業(yè)　切入點：最大靜態(tài)肌力　出處：《華中科技大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的手工搬舉作業(yè)（Manual Lifting Task, MLT）在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中比較常見，是導致工人肌肉骨骼疾患的重要原因。歐美發(fā)達國家已制定手工搬舉的衛(wèi)生限值，而我國尚無系統(tǒng)的限值。此次研究以我國工人和大學生為研究對象，通過最大力的測定，手工搬舉負荷影響因素的研究以及最大可接受搬舉重量的比較研究，借鑒并修訂美國ACGIH的搬舉閾限值，由此提出符合我國人群的搬舉重量限值。 方法第一部分以938名工人和大學生為研究對象，測定其背提力、左手提力、右手提力、手臂提力和肩提力五種靜態(tài)肌力，與歐美人群靜態(tài)肌力進行比較，得出我國人群與歐美人群力量的差距范圍。第二部分以43名男性大學生為研究對象，設計不同的搬舉重量，搬舉垂直高度，搬舉水平距離并模擬搬舉作業(yè)，測定和分析第10胸椎水平（T10）和第3腰椎水平（L3）左、右兩側豎脊肌的表面肌電信號，每個搬舉任務結束時，受試者對該任務進行自感用力度評級。第三部分中，10名男性大學生志愿者將一重16kg的木箱由脛骨中點高搬上至指掌關節(jié)高的平臺，再由平臺搬下至原處，如此反復操作，技術人員通過標記區(qū)分搬上和搬下兩種作業(yè)，10分鐘內(nèi)模擬完成搬上、搬下作業(yè)各30次，采集受試者兩側斜方肌和豎脊肌的表面肌電信號，最后對兩種作業(yè)方式進行自感用力度評級。第四部分比較我國人群和歐美人群最大可接受搬舉重量，得到我國人群與歐美人群搬舉能力的差距范圍。 結果靜態(tài)肌力測定表明男性背提力、左手提力、右手提力、手臂提力和肩提力分別為107.7kg、57.7kg、60.9kg、31.8kg和46.5kg，而女性則分別為59.7kg、30.7kg、34.1kg、18.2kg和25.2kg。20~29歲年齡組工人和大學生背提力的比較，男性工人的背提力大于大學生，二者差異無統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05），而女性則是大學生背提力大于工人，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.01）。男性受試者背提力、右手提力和左手提力的平均值最高組均為20~29歲。女性受試者三種力量平均值的最高組分別為30~39歲、40~49歲、40~49歲，20~29歲組的三種力量平均值都最小。不同年齡組之間背提力、右、左手提力的比較無統(tǒng)計學差異。 在相同的搬舉高度下，當搬舉物體的重量分別為3.6kg、7.5kg和11.4kg時，豎脊肌表面肌電幅度依次為36.15、45.63和52.35，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P 0.05）。當搬舉重量為13.7kg時，左、右側T10處均顯示肌電幅度在“地面至可觸及高”時大于“地面至肩關節(jié)高”（P 0.05），左、右側L3處也均顯示肌電幅度在“地面至可觸及高”時大于“地面至肩關節(jié)高”（P 0.05，P0.05）。另外，在不同的搬舉重量和不同的水平距離下，肌電幅度顯示7kg/70cm14kg/50cm18kg/30cm，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。Borg評分結果與肌電幅度信號的分析結果相似。 搬上和搬下作業(yè)時，受試者斜方肌的平均MVE%分別為25.1和20.9，搬上高于搬下，二者之間的差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P 0.01）；豎脊肌的MVE%平均分別為39.8和34.9，同樣顯示搬上高與搬下（P 0.01）。Borg評分結果搬下11.0為搬上13.2的83%，兩者差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P 0.01）。 結論中國人靜態(tài)肌力低于歐美國家人群，總體上男性比歐美男性力量低15~23%，女性低15~18%。女性各種力量均比男性小，總體上是男性力量的一半左右。五種等長收縮時的最大力量從大到小依次為：背提力、右手提力、左手提力、肩提力和手臂提力。20歲以上男性的力量隨著年齡的增長逐漸降低，女性中這種趨勢不明顯，20~29歲年齡組力量反而低于30~49年齡組。人體尺寸和最大力在男性受試者中呈現(xiàn)一定的相關性，在女性受試者中相關性不強。搬舉重量，搬舉的垂直高度和水平距離是影響搬舉作業(yè)負荷的重要因素，在搬舉限值制定時需重點考慮。與最大力相比，，MAWL更能反映人的搬舉能力，更適合作為對TLV進行修訂的比例依據(jù)，并且隨著頻率增加，中國人搬舉能力下降比美國人快，建議將ACGIH搬舉閾限值的三個表中重量限制依次下調(diào)21%、25%和28%。雖然搬下時肌肉活性低于搬上，但在搬舉限值中是否提高搬下重量應該慎重考慮，所以在搬下時依然和搬上使用相同的限值。
[Abstract]:The purpose of manual lifting tasks (Manual Lifting, Task, MLT) is common in industrial production, is an important cause of workers with musculoskeletal disorders. Western developed countries have developed the health manual lifting limit, and there is no system in our country limits. In the study of Chinese workers and college students as the research object, determination the maximum force, manual lifting load factors and the maximum acceptable weight of lift for comparative study, reference and revised the ACGIH lifting threshold, the lifting weight limit in line with China's population.
For the first part of the 938 workers and college students as the research object, the determination of the back lifting force, the left hand, right hand arm lifting force, lifting force and shoulder lifting force of five kinds of static strength, static strength compared with the European and American people, that the population of our country and western people power gap range. In the second part, 43 male college students as the research object, the design of different lifting weight, vertical lifting height, lifting horizontal distance and Simulation of lifting tasks, determination and analysis of tenth thoracic and lumbar level (T10) third (L3) of left and right sides of surface EMG signal of erector spinae, each lifting task at the end of the the subjects of perceived exertion rating on the task. In the third part, 10 male student volunteers will be a heavy box by 16KG high middle tibia and moved to palm joint high platform, the platform moved down to the place, so repeatedly, by technical personnel Move on and move the marker to distinguish between two types of operation, 10 minutes to complete the simulation to move operations, each 30 times, collecting the subjects of surface EMG on both sides of the trapezius and erector spinae muscle signal at the end of the two working modes of perceived exertion rating. The fourth part is the comparison of the population of our country and the European beauty group the maximum acceptable weight of lift, in China and in the Caucasian. Lifting the gap.
The results of static strength determination showed that the male back lifting force, the left hand, right hand arm lifting force, lifting force and shoulder lifting force are respectively 107.7kg, 57.7kg, 60.9kg, 31.8kg and 46.5kg, while women were 59.7kg, 30.7kg, 34.1kg, 18.2kg and 25.2kg.20~29 age group of workers and college students back more lifting force. Male workers back lifting force is greater than the college students, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05), and the female students is put back force greater than the workers, the difference was statistically significant (P0.01). Male subjects back lifting force, lifting force and the right hand left hand force average highest group is 20~29 years old. The highest groups of female subjects three strength average value were 30~39, 40~49, 40~49, three power 20~29 age group the average minimum. Between different age groups provided back, right, left hand force had no statistical difference.
In the same lifting height, when lifting the weight of the object are respectively 3.6kg, 7.5kg and 11.4kg, erector spinae EMG amplitude were 36.15,45.63 and 52.35, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). When the lifting weight is 13.7kg, left, right T10 showed EMG amplitude in the ground to reach high "than" ground to shoulder high "(P 0.05), left and right L3 also showed EMG amplitude in the ground to reach high" than "ground to shoulder high" (P 0.05, P0.05). In addition, in different lifting weight and different the horizontal distance, the EMG amplitude of 7kg/70cm14kg/50cm18kg/30cm, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Results of.Borg and EMG amplitude signal analysis results are similar.
And move onto the operation, the average MVE% subjects of the trapezius muscle were 25.1 and 20.9, higher than the move move, there were statistically significant differences between the two (P 0.01); the average MVE% of erector spinae were 39.8 and 34.9, also showed high and move onto P (0.01 results the.Borg scores of 11) moved to move on 13.2 of the 83%, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.01).
Conclusion Chinese static strength lower than that of the developed countries on the whole population, male 15~23% lower than the European and American male, female low 15~18%. women of all power were smaller than men, is generally about half of male power. Five the maximum strength of isometric contraction from large to small is as follows: the back lifting force, lifting force of the right hand, left hand lifting force, lifting force and lifting force of arm shoulder.20 men over the age of strength decreased gradually with the increase of age, women in this trend is not obvious, the 20~29 age group strength but lower than the 30~49 age group. There was a relationship between body size and maximum stress in male subjects, in female subjects correlation not strong. Lifting weight, lifting the vertical height and horizontal distance are important factors affecting the lifting load, the lifting limit to be considered when making. Compared with the maximum stress, MAWL can better reflect the lifting capacity, more suitable Cooperation is revised according to the proportion of TLV, and with the increase of frequency, Chinese lifting capacity decreased faster than an American, would limit the weight lifting table three ACGIH threshold values are down 21%, 25% and 28%. while the move was lower than that of muscle on the move, but whether in the lifting limit improve the move under the weight of should consider carefully, so in the move still and move with the same limit.

【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R131

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