本文選題：苯中毒　切入點(diǎn)：職業(yè)衛(wèi)生　出處：《杭州師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：通過調(diào)查,了解杭州市拱墅區(qū)涉苯企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)狀,分析職業(yè)危害的影響因素,并對員工健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評估。結(jié)合《職業(yè)病防治法》,提出改善職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作的建議。 方法：采用普查的方法,利用自行設(shè)計(jì)的問卷分別調(diào)查杭州市拱墅區(qū)135家涉苯企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生負(fù)責(zé)人和1469名接苯員工；在分析接苯與否對相關(guān)健康指標(biāo)的影響時(shí),選取不接觸苯的行政、后勤工作人員作為參照組；采用美國EPA吸入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)法來半定量評估接苯員工的致癌和非致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 結(jié)果：1.涉苯企業(yè)以中小型私營企業(yè)為主,主要分布在汽修、印刷、電子、化工四大行業(yè)；接苯員工以年輕男性為主,且多為外來務(wù)工人員2.涉苯工序已經(jīng)對接觸者造成實(shí)質(zhì)性損害,女性是弱勢群體；大部分企業(yè)苯濃度達(dá)標(biāo),但印刷行業(yè)堪憂；3.企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理工作基礎(chǔ)較好,基本職業(yè)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)覆蓋率較高：職業(yè)危害告知率相對較高,員工職業(yè)危害知曉情況較好,但員工防毒口罩佩戴率較低(58%)、職業(yè)健康檢查率偏低(68.9%)。4.健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,94.3%的接苯員工均有白細(xì)胞降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn),其中,13.4%的員工有較高的苯所致白血病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 結(jié)論：轄區(qū)構(gòu)建了比較完善苯中毒的防控體系,涉苯職業(yè)危害相對較輕,但仍有不足之處,宏觀層面,需進(jìn)一步完善《職業(yè)病防治法》,制定地方性法規(guī)和管理辦法,加強(qiáng)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督執(zhí)法力度；發(fā)揮工會(huì)、協(xié)會(huì)等非政府力量的作用,探索適合區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管和服務(wù)模式；在健康監(jiān)護(hù)的基礎(chǔ)上開展健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估。微觀層面,應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)使用無毒溶劑替代含苯原料、加強(qiáng)苯原料的流通管理、強(qiáng)化職業(yè)衛(wèi)生培訓(xùn),增強(qiáng)員工自我保健意識、對重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和人群進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)監(jiān)管。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the present situation of occupational health of benzene enterprises in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City, analyze the influencing factors of occupational hazards, and evaluate the health risks of employees. Combined with the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, some suggestions were put forward to improve the work of occupational health. Methods: by means of general survey and self-designed questionnaire, the occupational health officials and 1469 workers of 135 benzene related enterprises in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City were investigated, and the influence of benzene exposure on related health indexes was analyzed. The non-exposed administrative and logistic staff were selected as reference group, and the risk of carcinogenesis and non-carcinogenesis of benzene-exposed workers were evaluated semi-quantitatively by EPA inhalation risk assessment method in the United States. Results 1. The enterprises involved in benzene were mainly small and medium-sized private enterprises, mainly in automobile repair, printing, electronics and chemical industry. Most of them are migrant workers 2.The benzene-related process has caused substantial damage to the contacts, and the female is a weak group; most enterprises have reached the standard of benzene concentration, but the printing industry is worried about 3.The foundation of occupational health management in enterprises is good. The coverage of basic occupational health services is high: the rate of occupational hazard notification is relatively high, and the awareness of occupational hazards among employees is better. However, the wearing rate of respirator was lower and the occupational health examination rate was lower than 68.9%. The results of health risk evaluation showed that 94.3% of the workers exposed to benzene had leukocyte reduction risk, and 13.4% of them had higher risk of benzene induced leukemia. Conclusion: the prevention and control system of benzene poisoning has been set up in the area of jurisdiction, the occupational hazards involved in benzene are relatively light, but there are still some deficiencies. At the macro level, it is necessary to further improve the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, and formulate local laws and regulations and management measures. Strengthening the supervision and enforcement of occupational health, giving full play to the role of non-governmental forces such as trade unions and associations, and exploring the occupational health supervision and service model suitable for the scale and structure of regional economy; Health risk assessment should be carried out on the basis of health monitoring. At the micro level, the use of non-toxic solvents should be encouraged to replace benzene-containing raw materials, to strengthen the circulation management of benzene raw materials, to strengthen occupational health training, and to enhance the awareness of self-care of employees. Special supervision of key industries and people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R13

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