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  本文選題：99mTc　切入點：131I　出處：《南華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：放射性藥物診斷是利用放射性核素或其標(biāo)記化合物有選擇的聚集在特定的臟器、組織或受檢病變部位進行顯像的檢查方法，其結(jié)合單光子發(fā)射計算機成像技術(shù)（SPECT）可以對患者身體特定臟器和病變的血流、功能等進行顯像，SPECT顯像有助于患者疾病的早期診斷[1]。131I治療甲亢是根據(jù)甲狀腺組織的攝碘能力使131I聚集在甲狀腺組織，利用131I發(fā)射的β射線治療甲亢。接受放射性藥物診斷與治療的患者體內(nèi)都存在一定活度的藥物，這樣診療患者就成為了一個潛在的輻射源[2]，患者就對患者的親屬和出院后接觸的公眾有一定輻射影響。 主要研究內(nèi)容與結(jié)果： 1、通過實際測量放射性藥物99mTc、131I診斷與治療的患者體外外照射劑量率，對外照射劑量率的點源模型與線源模型估算方法進行驗證，確定一個更適合應(yīng)用于實際計算的估算模型。經(jīng)驗證，線源模型更貼近實測值。 2、對接觸患者周圍人群的受照量的研究首先把其分為兩類人群研究，即醫(yī)院的醫(yī)護人員和與患者接觸的公眾。對放射工作人員的個人劑量的測量采用個人劑量計測量方法，測量儀器為熱釋光計量儀，對核醫(yī)學(xué)科12名不同崗位的工作人員從2013年1月至2014年1月的個人劑量當(dāng)量檢測。經(jīng)監(jiān)測在受檢的12人中，12人個人劑量當(dāng)量均低于放射工作人員年有效劑量限值，其中有3人高于年劑量當(dāng)量約束值，但低于年有效劑量限值。醫(yī)院需根據(jù)超出約束值的醫(yī)護人員具體崗位做出合理的工作安排，，確保其在安全的環(huán)境中工作。 3、對公眾的有效劑量估算采用Mountford估算方法。經(jīng)Mountford法估算得出結(jié)論，在患者出院后與患者接觸的人群中患者同寢配偶受照射量最大，應(yīng)采取分房就寢的方法，減少照射量。 4、經(jīng)過對患者體外外照射劑量率與放射工作人員個人劑量的監(jiān)測和患者出院后公眾所受照射量三個方面的研究，確定放射性藥物對周圍人群的輻射影響。根據(jù)以上的分析結(jié)合已有的防護方法和現(xiàn)實調(diào)研醫(yī)院的實際防護情況提供出相應(yīng)的防護方法，從而給醫(yī)護人員和公眾選取何種防護措施以參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:Radiopharmaceutical diagnosis is the use of radionuclides or their labeled compounds to selectively gather in particular organs, tissues or diseased areas for imaging, Combined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), it can be used to measure the blood flow of a patient's specific organs and lesions. Functional SPECT imaging is helpful to the early diagnosis of patients with hyperthyroidism [1] .131I. It is based on the ability of iodine uptake of thyroid tissue to gather 131I in thyroid tissue. Patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with 131I-emitting 尾 -rays. Patients diagnosed and treated with radiopharmaceuticals had a certain amount of active drugs in their bodies. In this way, the patient becomes a potential source of radiation, and the patient has a certain radiation effect on the relatives of the patient and the public exposed to it after discharge. The main contents and results are as follows:. 1. The external dose rate, point source model and line source model of the patients diagnosed and treated with radiopharmaceuticals 99mTcC131I were measured, and the results were verified by the methods of point source model and line source model. An estimation model which is more suitable for practical calculation is determined. It is proved that the line source model is closer to the measured value. 2. The study of exposure to people around patients was first divided into two groups: medical staff in hospitals and the public in contact with patients. Personal dosimeters were used to measure the personal doses of radiation workers. The measuring instrument is a thermoluminescence meter, From January 2013 to January 2014, the personal dose equivalent tests were performed on 12 staff members of the nuclear medicine discipline from January 2013 to January 2014. 12 of the 12 people tested were all below the annual effective dose limit of radiation workers. Three of them were above the annual dose equivalent constraint value, but lower than the annual effective dose limit value. The hospital should make reasonable working arrangements according to the specific position of the medical staff who exceeded the constraint value to ensure their work in a safe environment. 3. The Mountford method was used to estimate the effective dose of the public, and the Mountford method was used to estimate that the patient's bedmate was the most exposed among the people who came into contact with the patient after discharge from hospital, so the method of sleeping in separate rooms should be adopted to reduce the amount of exposure. (4) after monitoring the external radiation dose rate of the patients and the personal dose of the radiation workers and the exposure to the public after the patient has been discharged from hospital, To determine the radiation impact of radioactive drugs on the surrounding population. According to the above analysis, combined with the existing protection methods and the actual situation of the investigation hospital, the corresponding protection methods are provided. So that the health care staff and the public to choose what protective measures to reference standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R144

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