本文選題：健康風(fēng)險評價　切入點：水源水　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：對某市七個水廠所監(jiān)測到的全部化學(xué)物質(zhì)經(jīng)飲水途徑接觸人體的健康風(fēng)險進行了年度及月度的評價，并從中篩選特征污染物，進一步判斷水質(zhì)質(zhì)量。 方法：本文通過收集整理某市七個水廠水源水與出廠水從1993年到2011年的監(jiān)測記錄，以美國國家科學(xué)院提出的健康風(fēng)險評價模型為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合中國對城市飲用水水質(zhì)健康風(fēng)險評價指標(biāo)體系的修正，計算所有可檢出化學(xué)物質(zhì)的年度和月度健康風(fēng)險值。 結(jié)果：（1）水源水和出廠水的非致癌風(fēng)險年均值，從1993年到2011年均低于10-4，風(fēng)險較小；致癌風(fēng)險年均值，從1993年到2011年各水廠出廠水風(fēng)險值幾乎全部在警戒限水平，風(fēng)險較大。水源水的致癌風(fēng)險年均值在2009年以前幾乎全部在警戒限水平，從2009年后風(fēng)險值大部分在可接受范圍內(nèi)。并且，非致癌風(fēng)險和致癌風(fēng)險都是起伏變化的。總風(fēng)險高峰在2000年，而后降低。非致癌風(fēng)險2006年開始上升，在2008年升到最高，2010年開始緩慢下降，至2011年達(dá)最低值。致癌風(fēng)險在2006年升到最高，2008年開始趨于平緩下降。 （2）非致癌風(fēng)險月均值，從1月份到12月份各水廠風(fēng)險值均小于10-4，風(fēng)險較�。恢掳╋L(fēng)險月均值，七個水廠出廠水在1、4、7、10月的致癌風(fēng)險月均值均在警戒限水平，風(fēng)險較高。 （3）按年度分析，1999年至2007年所增加的檢測項目（主要是三氯甲烷，四氯化碳，銀，硒等）對1999年以前的檢測項目（其檢測時間為1993-2011年）所反映的非致癌風(fēng)險及致癌風(fēng)險總值以及變化趨勢的影響并不明顯。2008年后所增加的檢測項目（主要是有機物）所反映的非致癌風(fēng)險和致癌風(fēng)險對2008年前的檢測項目（其檢測時間為1999-2011年）所反映的非致癌風(fēng)險和致癌風(fēng)險總值有較明顯的影響，但對其變化趨勢的影響并不明顯。 （4）某市水源水須重點監(jiān)測的非致癌毒性物質(zhì)有四氯化碳、鈉、鋁、氯化物、三氯甲烷，對砷、鎘、鉛、氟化物、銻、六價鉻要密切監(jiān)測；某市水源水須重點監(jiān)測的致癌毒性物質(zhì)有六價鉻、三氯甲烷、氟化物、亞硝酸鹽、四氯化碳、砷、鎘；某市出廠水須重點監(jiān)測的非致癌毒性物質(zhì)有鈉、氯化物、鋁、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳，對砷、銻、余氯、氟化物、鎘、氨氮、汞要密切監(jiān)測；某市出廠水須重點監(jiān)測的致癌毒性物質(zhì)有六價鉻、三氯甲烷、氟化物、砷、二氯一溴甲烷、亞硝酸鹽、四氯化碳、鎘。 （5）水源水水質(zhì)合格情況按水廠從高到低依次是D，，E，G，A，F(xiàn)，B，C。出廠水水質(zhì)合格情況按水廠從高到低依次是D，C，G，E，A，F(xiàn)，B。B水廠和C水廠處理源水效果更好。 結(jié)論：某市水質(zhì)變化趨勢總體趨于更加安全，從健康角度來看水質(zhì)需進一步提高，建議繼續(xù)加大控制特征污染物力度，保證居民飲水健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: to evaluate the annual and monthly health risks of all chemicals detected by seven water plants in a certain city, and to screen out the characteristic pollutants and to judge the quality of water quality. Methods: based on the health risk assessment model proposed by the National Academy of Sciences, the monitoring records of the source water and the ex-factory water from 1993 to 2011 in seven water plants in a certain city were collected and sorted. The annual and monthly health risk values of all detectable chemicals are calculated based on the revision of the health risk assessment index system for urban drinking water quality in China. Results: (1) the annual mean non-carcinogenic risk of source water and ex-factory water was lower than 10-4 from 1993 to 2011, and the annual average of carcinogenic risk was almost all at the warning limit level from 1993 to 2011. The risk is high. The annual mean of carcinogenic risk of source water is almost entirely within the warning limit level until 2009, and most of the risk values after 2009 are within the acceptable range. And, Both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks fluctuate. The total risk peaked in 2000 and then decreased. The non-carcinogenic risk began to rise in 2006, peaked in 2008, and began to decline slowly in 2010. The risk of cancer rose to its highest level in 2006 and began to flatten down in 2008. (2) the monthly mean of non-carcinogenic risk was less than 10-4 from January to December, and the monthly mean of carcinogenic risk was less than 10-4, and the monthly mean of carcinogenic risk of seven water plants was at 1 / 4 / 7, and the monthly mean value of carcinogenic risk in October was at the warning limit level, and the risk was higher. Annual analysis of additional testing items from 1999 to 2007 (mainly trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, silver, Selenium et al.) does not have a significant impact on the total non-carcinogenic risk and the total carcinogenic risk and trends reflected in the pre-1999 test items (its detection time is 1993-2011). The additional test items (mainly organics) have been added since 2008. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks reflected have a more significant impact on the total value of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks as reflected in the pre-2008 test project (the test time is 1999-2011), But the influence on its change trend is not obvious. (4) the non-carcinogenic toxic substances to be monitored in source water of a certain city are carbon tetrachloride, sodium, aluminum, chloride, trichloromethane, and closely monitor arsenic, cadmium, lead, fluoride, antimony and hexavalent chromium; The carcinogenic toxic substances to be monitored in a city's source water are chromium hexavalent, trichloromethane, fluoride, nitrite, carbon tetrachloride, arsenic and cadmium. Carbon tetrachloride, for arsenic, antimony, residual chlorine, fluoride, cadmium, ammonia nitrogen, mercury to be closely monitored; a city factory water to focus on monitoring carcinogenic toxic substances such as hexavalent chromium, trichloromethane, fluoride, arsenic, dichloro-methyl bromide, nitrite, Carbon tetrachloride, cadmium. (5) the quality qualification of source water is from high to low in order of water treatment, and the quality of raw water is better treated by water plant from high to low, and from high to low to from high to low, and the treatment of source water by C water treatment plant is better than that of water treatment plant in the order of water quality qualification from high to low at the water plant, and from the high to the low, the water quality of the original water is better than that of the water treatment plant at the C water treatment plant. Conclusion: the change trend of water quality in a certain city tends to be more safe, and the water quality needs to be further improved from the point of view of health. It is suggested that we should continue to strengthen the control of characteristic pollutants and ensure the health of drinking water for residents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R123

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