本文選題：疲勞　切入點(diǎn)：作業(yè)效能　出處：《中北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：制造業(yè)是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家綜合國(guó)力的重要標(biāo)志，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中起到了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的作用。雖然我國(guó)制造業(yè)正逐步向?qū)崿F(xiàn)自動(dòng)化、智能化的方向發(fā)展，但在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中仍存在著大量的人工作業(yè)，，整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程始終不能脫離人的參與。自人因工程學(xué)“以人為本”的概念提出后，人的因素成為人-機(jī)-環(huán)境這一復(fù)雜生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中要考慮的核心要素。制造業(yè)中的勞動(dòng)者作為一個(gè)群體，往往工作任務(wù)重、作業(yè)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、生活壓力大，這就極易引起勞動(dòng)者的疲勞感，使其出現(xiàn)記憶暫時(shí)下降、四肢酸痛和精神渙散等主觀癥狀，客觀上會(huì)造成操作失誤增加、作業(yè)能力下降、數(shù)量和質(zhì)量無(wú)法保證等后果。因此，疲勞作業(yè)是誘發(fā)制造業(yè)中生產(chǎn)效率低、事故頻發(fā)的重要原因之一。正因?yàn)槿说男袨槟Ｊ脚c勞動(dòng)過(guò)程息息相關(guān)，勞動(dòng)者的作業(yè)效能的優(yōu)劣高低影響著企業(yè)的生死存亡，所以研究制造業(yè)中勞動(dòng)者的疲勞問(wèn)題是十分必要的，它有利于預(yù)防和減少安全事故的反生，有助于改善勞動(dòng)者的身心狀態(tài)，進(jìn)而達(dá)到提高作業(yè)效能的目的。 為驗(yàn)證疲勞狀態(tài)對(duì)人體會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，本文首先設(shè)計(jì)了作業(yè)疲勞中人體記憶廣度的測(cè)定試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明疲勞感與人的記憶廣度之間有負(fù)向作用，疲勞狀態(tài)下的記憶廣度位數(shù)和記憶廣度值較正常狀態(tài)而言分別降低了8.4%和8.0%；其次以河北省滄州市某大型制造業(yè)中的勞動(dòng)者為調(diào)查對(duì)象，采用主觀問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的形式獲取數(shù)據(jù)；分析出了四個(gè)潛在變量及各潛在變量的測(cè)量變量；應(yīng)用SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件與SEM(Structural EquationModeling)—結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型，建立了疲勞因素對(duì)作業(yè)效能的模型，并獲取到疲勞因素與作業(yè)效能的總作用效應(yīng)以及各個(gè)變量之間影響的相關(guān)系數(shù)，得到了疲勞因素對(duì)作業(yè)效能作用的總效應(yīng)為0.63，并且可通過(guò)生理和心理疲勞間接影響作業(yè)效能的結(jié)論。 本研究所得結(jié)論對(duì)于了解制造業(yè)中能引起勞動(dòng)者身心疲勞的因素、最大程度的預(yù)防和減少疲勞的發(fā)生，提高作業(yè)效能具有一定的參考價(jià)值，并從人、機(jī)、環(huán)境以及組織管理制度上分析了制造業(yè)中疲勞因素對(duì)作業(yè)效能的影響，提出了改進(jìn)意見。
[Abstract]:The manufacturing industry is an important symbol of a country's comprehensive national strength and has played an important role as an engine in the growth of the national economy. Although the manufacturing industry in our country is gradually developing towards automation and intelligence, However, there are still a large number of manual operations in actual production, and the whole production process can not be separated from the participation of human beings all the time.After the concept of "people-oriented" in human factor engineering was put forward, The human factor has become the core element in the complex production system of human-machine-environment. As a group, the workers in the manufacturing industry often have heavy work tasks, long working hours, and heavy living pressure. This easily leads to the fatigue of the laborer, which causes the temporary decline in memory, pain in the limbs and insanity and other subjective symptoms. Objectively, it will result in the increase of operational errors, the decline in the ability to work, and the failure to guarantee the quantity and quality of work, and so on. Fatigue work is one of the important reasons to induce low production efficiency and frequent accidents in manufacturing industry. It is precisely because the human behavior pattern is closely related to the labor process that the working efficiency of the laborer affects the survival or death of the enterprise. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the fatigue problem of workers in manufacturing industry. It is helpful to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of safety accidents, to improve the physical and mental state of workers, and to achieve the purpose of improving the working efficiency. In order to verify the negative effect of fatigue state on human body, this paper first designed an experiment to measure the memory span of human body during work fatigue. The results show that there is a negative effect between fatigue feeling and memory span of human being. The number of memory span digits and memory span values in fatigue state were decreased by 8.4% and 8.0% respectively as compared with the normal state. Secondly, taking a large-scale manufacturing worker in Cangzhou City of Hebei Province as the survey object, the data were obtained by subjective questionnaire. The four potential variables and the measuring variables of each potential variable are analyzed, and the fatigue factor model for the work efficiency is established by using the SPSS statistical software and the SEM(Structural modeling model. The total effect of fatigue factor and work efficiency and the correlation coefficient between each variable were obtained. It is concluded that the total effect of fatigue factors on work efficacy is 0.63 and can be indirectly affected by physical and psychological fatigue. The conclusion of this study has certain reference value to understand the factors which can cause the laborer's physical and mental fatigue, to prevent and reduce the fatigue to the maximum extent, to improve the work efficiency, and from the human, the machine, The influence of fatigue factors on working efficiency in manufacturing industry is analyzed in terms of environment and organization management system, and suggestions for improvement are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R131

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