發(fā)布時間：2018-03-18 10:26

  本文選題：維吾爾族孕婦　切入點：營養(yǎng)狀況　出處：《新疆醫(yī)科大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的：了解維吾爾族孕婦膳食營養(yǎng)狀況和不同孕期血漿同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平和變化規(guī)律，探討其對孕婦健康狀況的影響，為深入研究孕婦營養(yǎng)與健康狀況提供依據(jù)。方法：本課題采用整群抽樣的方法抽取喀什市附屬鄉(xiāng)中3397名維吾爾族孕婦作為調(diào)查對象，對其中自愿參與并通過倫理委員會審查的639名孕早期孕婦進行跟蹤調(diào)查。1.采用面對面問卷詢問的方式對調(diào)查對象進行基本情況調(diào)查。2.采用24小時膳食回顧法進行膳食調(diào)查，與我國每日膳食營養(yǎng)素參考攝入量（DRIs）進行比較分析。3.體格檢查、血紅蛋白（Hb）測定和血漿同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）測定。4.用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計，，并對Hb和血漿Hcy水平進行多因素非條件Logist回歸分析。5.對639名孕早期孕婦追蹤觀察至其妊娠結(jié)局。結(jié)果：1.基本情況：年齡范圍為20~30歲，平均年齡為（25.12±2.80）歲；文化程度以初中占構(gòu)成比最多（41.60%）；職業(yè)以農(nóng)民為主（45.36%）；人均月收入以1000～2000元最多（33.77%）；體質(zhì)指數(shù)（BMI）偏輕、正常、超重各占12.12%、62.78%、25.10%。2.膳食營養(yǎng)狀況：能量、蛋白質(zhì)、鎂、鉀、鈉、鋅、硒、維生素A、維生素B1、維生素C和煙酸分別占DRIs的127.87%、139.88%、104.25%、104.88%、125.63%、97.27%、112.58%、133.33%、90.67%、111.54%和137.35%；磷和維生素E達到DRIs的217.00%和222.36%；鈣、鐵、維生素B2以及維生素B12分別占DRIs的62.30%、72.29%、67.60%和60.77%；碘、維生素D和葉酸僅占DRIs的52.69%、48.70%和20.65%。3.不同孕期Hb平均水平（110.53±11.98）g/L，孕早期（118.29±11.33）g/L和孕中晚期（107.08±10.77）g/L比較（P＜0.05）以及孕婦貧血發(fā)生率比較（P＜0.05），差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義；不同孕期血漿Hcy平均水平（16.86±4.92）μmol/L，孕早期（16.89±4.83）μmol/L和孕中晚期（16.83±5.01）μmol/L比較（P＞0.05）以及高同型半胱氨酸血癥（HHcys）檢出率比較（P＞0.05），差異均沒有統(tǒng)計學意義。4.孕婦年齡、家庭收入和肉類食物攝入量是Hb水平的影響因素（P＜0.05）；蔬菜、水果和堅果類食物的攝入量為血漿Hcy水平的影響因素（P＜0.05）。5.參與跟蹤調(diào)查的639名孕早期孕婦分娩的新生兒中未跟蹤到出生缺陷的發(fā)生。結(jié)論：1.年齡、文化程度、職業(yè)、經(jīng)濟收入和BMI可能是孕婦健康的影響因素。2.孕婦膳食構(gòu)成不合理，膳食營養(yǎng)素中磷和維生素E攝入超標；鈣、鐵、維生素B2、維生素B12不足；碘、維生素D和葉酸攝入缺乏嚴重；其他營養(yǎng)素基本達標。3.孕早期孕婦血紅蛋白水平正常，中晚期水平略偏低，出現(xiàn)輕度貧血；Hcy水平與HHcys檢出率偏高。4.年齡偏大、家庭收入較高以及肉類食物攝入量不足可能導(dǎo)致孕婦Hb水平降低；蔬菜、水果和堅果類的食物攝入不足可能會導(dǎo)致血漿Hcy水平的異常升高。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the dietary nutritional status of Uygur pregnant women and the changes of plasma homocysteine (Hcycyine) levels in different pregnancies, and to explore the effects of Hcy on the health status of pregnant women. Methods: in this study, 3397 Uygur pregnant women in affiliated villages of Kashi City were selected by cluster sampling. Among them, 639 pregnant women who volunteered to participate and were reviewed by the Ethics Committee were followed up. 1. The basic information of the subjects was investigated by face-to-face questionnaire. 2. The diet survey was carried out by 24 hours diet review method. Compared with the daily dietary nutrient reference intake (DRIss) in China, the physical examination, hemoglobin (HB) determination and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) determination were compared. 4. The data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. Multivariate conditional Logist regression analysis was performed on HB and plasma Hcy levels. 5. the pregnancy outcome was observed in 639 early pregnant women. Results: 1. The basic condition: the age range was 2030 years, the average age was 25.12 鹵2.80 years old; The ratio of education level to junior high school is 41.60%; the occupation is mainly farmers, 45.36%; the per capita monthly income is 1000 to 2,000 yuan, up to 33.77%; body mass index (BMI) is light, normal, and overweight accounts for 12.122.78% 25.10.2. Dietary nutrition status: energy, protein, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, selenium, Vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin C, and nicotinic acid account for 127.87% of DRIs, respectively, and they are about 104.2588, 125.63, 97.277.58 and 90.6733, respectively, about 111.54% and 137.35%; phosphorus and vitamin E reach 217.00% and 222.36% of DRIs; calcium, iron, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 account for 62.3072.290.60% and 60.77% of DRIs, respectively; iodine, iodine, vitamin E and vitamin E account for 217.00% and 222.36% of DRIs; calcium, iron, vitamin B2, vitamin B 2 and vitamin B12 account for 660% and 60.77% of DRIs, respectively. Vitamin D and folic acid only accounted for 48.70% and 20.65.3.The average HB levels in different pregnancies were 110.53 鹵11.98g / L, 118.29 鹵11.33g / L and 107.08 鹵10.77g / L in the first trimester and 107.08 鹵10.77g / L in the third trimester of pregnancy respectively (P < 0.05). The average plasma Hcy levels in different pregnancies were 16.86 鹵4.92 渭 mol / L, 16.89 鹵4.83 渭 mol/L and 16.83 鹵5.01 渭 mol/L in the first trimester and 16.83 鹵5.01 渭 mol/L in the third trimester of pregnancy (P > 0.05). Household income and meat intake were the influencing factors of HB level (P < 0.05). The intake of fruits and nuts was the influencing factor of plasma Hcy level (P < 0.05). The incidence of birth defects was not tracked in 639 newborns who were given birth in early pregnancy. Conclusion: 1. Age, education, occupation, age, education, occupation, etc. Economic income and BMI may be the influencing factors of maternal health. 2.The dietary composition of pregnant women is unreasonable, the intake of phosphorus and vitamin E in dietary nutrients exceeds the standard, calcium, iron, vitamin B2, vitamin B12 are insufficient, iodine, vitamin D and folic acid intake are serious; The level of hemoglobin of pregnant women in early pregnancy was normal, the level of hemoglobin in middle and late stage was slightly lower, the level of Hcy in mild anemia and the detection rate of HHcys were on the high side, and the detection rate of HHcys was higher than that of pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. High household income and inadequate intake of meat may lead to lower HB levels in pregnant women, while inadequate intake of vegetables, fruits and nuts may lead to an abnormal increase in plasma Hcy levels.
【學位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R153.1

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