本文選題：長沙市　切入點：老年人群　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：[目的]通過對長沙市某高校退休教職工的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)、營養(yǎng)素的攝入狀況、營養(yǎng)知識、營養(yǎng)態(tài)度、飲食行為(KAP)及營養(yǎng)知識獲取途徑的調(diào)查,探討高校退休教職工膳食中存在的營養(yǎng)問題,為建立正確的健康觀念、引導(dǎo)合理膳食及糾正不良的飲食行為,提高整個高校退休教職工人群的健康狀況,既能促進其身體健康,又可以向周圍人群傳播營養(yǎng)知識和健康理念。 [方法]隨機抽取長沙市芙蓉區(qū)科教新村、東湖、濱湖、逸園、泉塘等小區(qū)本地高校退休教職工,他們在校醫(yī)院體檢后并自愿參加本次問卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查問卷為200份,回收有效問卷195份。膳食營養(yǎng)調(diào)查采用3天24小時回顧法、食物頻率法對高校退休教職工食物種類、數(shù)量及營養(yǎng)素攝入情況進行統(tǒng)計。將所有調(diào)查對象的實際攝入量折合成60歲輕體力勞動者的攝入量,并以DRIs作為調(diào)查對象營養(yǎng)素攝入量參考值。而對長沙市60歲以上高校退休職工進行營養(yǎng)知識、態(tài)度、行為的調(diào)查,分析該人群的營養(yǎng)知識水平、膳食習(xí)慣、生活方式。 [結(jié)果]膳食營養(yǎng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,高校退休教職工的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)中谷類占23.34%、蔬菜類占35.14%、水果類7.79%、豆及豆制品占2.65%,攝入比例較低；而肉禽類占11.78%、油脂占3.02%、鹽為11.32%,攝入比例較高。 產(chǎn)能營養(yǎng)素中蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪攝入量占能量的14.88%、31.73%,碳水化合物攝入量較低,占總能量的54.33%,膳食纖維攝入量過低,僅達到攝入量的46.30%。微量元素中鈣、B1、B2、視黃醇當(dāng)量攝入量不足,分別占推薦攝入量的65.50%、62.14%、76.15%、72.26%。三餐供能比中早餐供能比較低,晚餐較高。 高校退休教職工營養(yǎng)知識平均得分是10.41+2.34,其中營養(yǎng)知識得分的一般等級、良好等級及優(yōu)秀等級分別占28.72%、41.03%、30.26%。營養(yǎng)態(tài)度平均認(rèn)同率為79.48%,僅有68名調(diào)查對象對沒有口渴就不用喝水的認(rèn)同率較低,低至34.87%。不同條件下高校退休教職工飲食行為存在差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),其中68名退休教職工口味偏咸、69名調(diào)查對象服用營養(yǎng)補充劑、51名調(diào)查對象對保健品感興趣、131名調(diào)查對象選擇食物首先考慮的因素為營養(yǎng)價值。 高校退休教職工最希望獲取營養(yǎng)知識是保健防病及食品安全,分別占調(diào)查對象的52.32%、37.35%。其中獲取營養(yǎng)知識的主要途徑是報紙、報刊、雜志(58.97%)、電視廣播(47.69%),并希望通過從多渠道、多途徑獲取營養(yǎng)知識。 [結(jié)論]1.長沙市某高校退休教職工營養(yǎng)狀況總體良好,膳食結(jié)構(gòu)基本合理,營養(yǎng)素的攝入存在碳水化合物攝入量偏低、蛋白質(zhì)攝入量偏高、脂肪攝入量過高、維生素C、鈣、B1、B2、視黃醇當(dāng)量及膳食纖維攝入偏低,鈉攝入偏高,且不重視早餐,晚餐供能過多。 2.高校退休教職工相關(guān)營養(yǎng)知識掌握良好,膳食攝入習(xí)慣與中國居民膳食指南、平衡膳食寶塔的具體要求存在較大的差距。對不同條件人群而言,女性好于男性,退休教師好于退休職工,60～69歲的退休教職工好于70～79歲、80～89歲的退休教職工。 3.本次調(diào)查結(jié)果還顯示,高校退休教職工有較高的文化素質(zhì),對微量營養(yǎng)素的養(yǎng)知識掌握情況及飲食習(xí)慣也有不盡人意之處,可以推測出,本市其他社區(qū)人群及農(nóng)村人群的情況可能會更差。因此,強化人群營養(yǎng)與健康教育勢在必行。
[Abstract]:[Objective] the dietary structure of a university Changsha, retired staff, nutrient intake, nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, dietary behavior (KAP) survey and nutrition knowledge acquisition way, discusses the problems of retired teachers and workers in dietary nutrition, in order to establish the correct concept of health, and guide reasonable diet to correct poor eating behavior, improve the college retired staff of the health conditions, can not only improve their health, and to the people around the spread of nutritional knowledge and healthy concept.
[Methods] Furong district were randomly selected Changsha Kejiao village, East Lake, Binhu, Yi Park, quantang District Local College retired staff, they in the hospital after examination and volunteered to participate in this survey. The questionnaire is 200 copies, and 195 valid questionnaires were collected. Dietary survey by 3 days and 24 hours review method and the food frequency questionnaire of College retired staff of food types, quantity and nutrient intake were statistically. The actual intake of all surveyed converted into 60 light manual intake, and taking DRIs as the research object of nutrient intake and nutritional knowledge. The reference value of Changsha, over 60 years old in Colleges and universities retired workers attitude and behavior investigation, analysis of the nutrition knowledge level, the population dietary habits and lifestyle.
[results] the dietary nutrition survey results show that, the retired staff of the dietary structure of Valley category accounted for 23.34%, accounted for 35.14% of 7.79% vegetables, fruits, beans and bean products accounted for 2.65%, the intake proportion is low; and poultry accounted for 11.78%, oil accounted for 3.02%, salt 11.32%, intake proportion is high.
Capacity of nutrients protein, fat intake accounted for 14.88% of energy, 31.73%, carbohydrate intake is low, accounting for 54.33% of total energy intake, low dietary fiber, only reached 46.30%. intake of trace elements in calcium, B1, B2, retinol equivalent intake, respectively recommended intake of 65.50%, 62.14%, 76.15%, three meals a day for 72.26%. can lower than breakfast for dinner.
The retired staff of nutrition knowledge, the average score was 10.41+2.34, the general level of nutrition knowledge scores, good grades and excellent grades accounted for 28.72%, 41.03%, 30.26%. average nutrition attitude recognition rate of 79.48%, only 68 of respondents do not drink water to thirsty no recognition rate is low, low to the 34.87%. under different conditions retired staff of dietary behavior differences was statistically significant (P0.05), including 68 retired staff of salty taste, 69 subjects taking nutritional supplements, 51 respondents interested in health care products, 131 respondents selected factors first consideration for the nutritional value of food.
The retired staff hope to get the nutrition knowledge is health care and disease prevention and food safety, which accounted for 52.32% of respondents, the main way to 37.35%. to get the knowledge of nutrition is a newspaper, newspapers, magazines, radio and TV (58.97%) (47.69%), and that from multi channels, multi way access to nutrition knowledge.
[conclusion]1. Changsha retired teachers in a university in the nutritional status of workers is generally good, the dietary structure is basically reasonable, nutrient intake has low carbohydrate intake, high protein intake, high intake of fat, vitamin C, calcium, B1, B2, retinol and dietary fiber intake is low, high sodium intake, and do not pay attention to breakfast. Dinner for too much.
2. college retired staff related nutrition knowledge, dietary habits and dietary guidelines Chinese residents, there is a big gap between the specific requirements of the balanced diet pagoda on different conditions. Population, women are better than men, retired teachers to retired workers, 60~69 year old retired staff in 70~79 years old, retired staff of 80~89 old.
3. the survey results also show that the retired staff have higher cultural quality, there are deficiencies of micronutrients have knowledge and dietary habits, it can be inferred that the city community population and rural population situation may be even worse. Therefore, strengthening the people of nutrition and health education is imperative.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R151.42

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