本文選題：PM_(2.5)　切入點：PAHs　出處：《南開大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：PAHs因為其致癌、致癌、致突變的三致特性,一直環(huán)境學、毒理學等學科是研究的熱點,附著在PM2.5上的PAHs組分可以隨顆粒物沉積到人體肺泡深處,對人體有顯著的健康影響。本論文對老年人這一特殊敏感群體的顆粒物PAHs暴露特征進行研究,分析PM2.5載帶的PAHs與人體代謝生物標志物8-OHdG和OH-PAHs的關聯(lián),判別老年人的潛在暴露風險與污染物來源。研究在天津兩個社區(qū)選取101名老人,分別于2011年6月13日-2011年7月2日,2011年11月30日-2011年12月12日兩個時間段采集老年人個體暴露、室內(nèi)環(huán)境和區(qū)域環(huán)境的PM2.5樣品,分析其中PAHs組分。在顆粒物樣品采樣結(jié)束的當天,采集老年人的晨尿樣品進行分析,反映經(jīng)監(jiān)測期PAHs暴露后受試者體內(nèi)生物標志代謝物的濃度水平。 研究結(jié)果顯示,(1)監(jiān)測期間區(qū)域環(huán)境的PM2.5污染嚴重,夏季PM2.5的平均濃度為98.6μg/m3(濃度范圍為28.2-144.8μg/m3),冬季PM2.5的平均濃度為140.Oμg/m3(濃度范圍為23.5-325.61μg/m3),均超過了我國《環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標準》中規(guī)定的二級標準。夏季PM2.5載帶的PAHs濃度為16.56ng/m3, BbF,InP和BP為主要污染組分；冬季PAHs的濃度為139.82ng/m3, BbF, FluA和Chr為主要污染組分。通過特征PAH組分比值法和因子分析法的分析,得出天津大氣中PAHs受包括汽車排放源、煤炭燃燒源和工業(yè)排放源等多種源影響。(2)夏季老年人個體暴露和室內(nèi)PM2.5濃度分別為124.2和120.0μg/m3,冬季老年人個體暴露和室內(nèi)PM2.5濃度分別為170.8和164.9μg/m3,夏、冬兩季老年人個體暴露的PAHs平均濃度分別為22.24和92.12ng/m3,兩季的室內(nèi)PAHs平均濃度分別為21.46和88.06ng/m3。在夏季,PAHs中2環(huán)-3環(huán)的組分為主要污染物,占總濃度的46%以上；而在冬季,4-6環(huán)的大分子組分為主要污染物,占PAHs總濃度的80%以上。個體暴露樣品中PAHs各組分濃度和室內(nèi)樣品中PAHs濃度顯著相關,和區(qū)域環(huán)境樣品的分析值沒有很好的相關性。應用蒙特卡洛模型,結(jié)合毒性等價因子等參數(shù)對老年人增加的終身致癌風險進行評價,設置了低暴露和高暴露兩個情景。在低暴露濃度情景下,老年人中50%人群增加的患癌癥風險為5.4×10-7,10%高風險人群增加的患癌癥幾率為1.48×10-6。而在高暴露濃度情景下,老年人中50%人群增加的患癌癥風險為4.29×10-6,10%高風險人群增加的患癌癥幾率為1.31×10-5。根據(jù)EPA對風險范圍的描述,天津老年人存在潛在的健康風險。通過特征組分比值法和因子分析法的分析,結(jié)果顯示在夏、冬兩季老年人的PAHs暴露來源由汽車排放源、燃煤源、香煙煙霧等多種源組成。(3)在夏、冬兩季季尿液中羥基PAHs分別有7和10種組分有很好的檢出。具有揮發(fā)性和半揮發(fā)性2-3環(huán)組分(包括萘和菲)的羥基代謝產(chǎn)物的內(nèi)暴露水平較高,作為大氣暴露風險監(jiān)測的標志物萘的代謝物,1-OHNaP和2-OHNaP,檢出量占所有羥基PAHs檢出物的46%以上,大部分檢出組分均體現(xiàn)出很好的相關性。對應用最為廣泛的1-OHP,天津老年人尿中1-OHP的濃度水平在夏、冬兩季有顯著的差異,夏天的濃度水平在國內(nèi)報道值中處于較低的水平；而冬天的濃度超過了一些國家的職業(yè)暴露的檢出濃度,說明天津老人的處于較高濃度的PAHs暴露環(huán)境中,存在著潛在的暴露風險。應用ELISA試劑盒對老年人冬季尿中8-OHdG進行檢測,得出尿中8-OHdG的平均濃度為9.08μmol/molcr。與文獻報道值相比較,冬季老年人尿中8-OHdG濃度高于健康成人和小學生的檢出值,甚至高出了一些工人的職業(yè)暴露檢出值,表明老年人體內(nèi)較強的氧化應激反應和潛在健康風險。4)將OH-PAHs、8-OHdG的檢出結(jié)果與顆粒物中PAHs進行相關性分析,結(jié)果顯示1-ONaP、2-OHNaP和∑OHNaP均與PM2.5中的NaP具有很好的相關性,指示出PM2.5中NaP對于老年人群體NaP內(nèi)暴露水平的貢獻。而其他羥基PAHs組分和8-OHdG與PM2.5個體暴露樣品中PAHs組分沒有體現(xiàn)出很好的相關性,但8-OHdG和羥基PAHs各組分間具有很好的相關性。說明相比與呼吸途徑暴露,飲食等其他途徑的暴露可能對老年人的健康有更強烈的影響。
[Abstract]:PAHs because of its carcinogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic properties have been caused by three, environmental science, toxicology and other disciplines is a hotspot of research, attachment in PAHs group on the PM2.5 can be divided with the particle deposition to the depths of human alveolar, have significant health effects on the human body. The characteristics of exposed particles PAHs on the elderly special sensitive groups are studied. The analysis of PM2.5 carrying PAHs and human metabolic biomarkers related compounds 8-OHdG and OH-PAHs, judging elderly exposure potential and pollutant sources. Study on 101 elderly people in two communities in Tianjin were selected respectively in June 13, 2011, July 2nd -2011, November 30, 2011 -2011 year in December 12th two time acquisition of elderly individual exposure, indoor environment and regional environment PM2.5 sample, analysis of the PAHs component. The sampling at the end of particle samples collected, the elderly morning urine samples were analyzed The concentration level of biomarker metabolites in the subjects after PAHs exposure during the monitoring period was reflected.
The results showed that (1) during the monitoring of regional environment PM2.5 serious pollution, the average concentration of PM2.5 in summer is 98.6 g/m3 (concentration range of 28.2-144.8 g/m3), the average concentration of PM2.5 in winter is 140.O g/m3 (a concentration range of 23.5-325.61 ~ g/m3), exceeded the provisions of China's "environmental air quality standards. In the two level standard. The concentration of PAHs with carrier summer PM2.5 16.56ng/m3, BbF, InP and BP as the main pollution components; concentration of winter PAHs for 139.82ng/m3, BbF, FluA and Chr as the main pollution components. Analysis of analysis by feature PAH component ratio method and factor, the atmosphere of Tianjin PAHs by including automobile emission sources and industrial emissions and other sources affecting coal combustion. (2) in the elderly individual exposure and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were 124.2 and 120 g/m3 in winter, the elderly individual exposure and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were 170.8 and 164.9 g/ M3, summer, winter two season elderly individuals exposed to the average concentration of PAHs is 22.24 and 92.12ng/m3 respectively, the average concentration of indoor PAHs in the two quarter of 21.46 and 88.06ng/m3. respectively in the summer, 2 ring -3 ring in the PAHs group is divided into the main pollutants, accounted for more than the total concentration of the 46%; and in winter, 4-6 molecules ring the group is divided into the main pollutants, accounting for more than 80% of the total concentration of PAHs. The individual components of PAHs samples exposed to PAHs concentration and indoor samples significantly correlated analysis and regional environmental samples without a good correlation. The application of Monte Carlo model, combined with the toxic equivalence factor parameters such as increase of the elderly lifetime cancer risk were evaluation, set a low exposure and high exposure to two scenarios. In the low exposure scenario, 50% of the population in the elderly increases the risk of cancer is 5.4 * 10-7,10% high risk population increases the risk of cancer is 1.48 * 10-6. in The high concentration exposure scenario, 50% of the elderly population in the increased risk of cancer is 4.29 * 10-6,10% high risk population increases the risk of cancer is 1.31 * 10-5. EPA according to the description of the scope of risk, Tianjin elderly health risks. The characteristic component ratio method and factor analysis method, the analysis results. In summer, winter two season elderly PAHs exposure sources by automobile emission sources, coal source, cigarette smoke and other sources. (3) in the summer and winter seasons, two urine hydroxy PAHs respectively were 7 and 10 components are very good. With the volatile and semi volatile components in the 2-3 ring (including naphthalene and phenanthrene) with higher levels of exposure to hydroxyl metabolites, as atmospheric exposure risk monitoring marker of naphthalene metabolites, 1-OHNaP and 2-OHNaP, were all accounted for more than 46% hydroxy PAHs object detection, most components are reflected in a good phase Turn on. The most widely used 1-OHP, Tianjin elderly urinary 1-OHP level in the summer, winter two season had significant differences, the summer level in the domestic reported value at a low level; while winter concentrations exceed the concentration detection of some of the country's occupation exposure, that old people in Tianjin at higher concentrations of PAHs exposure, there is a potential risk of exposure. The application of ELISA kit for the detection of 8-OHdG in urine in the elderly, the average concentration of 8-OHdG in urine was 9.08 mol/molcr. compared with values reported in the literature, 8-OHdG years old winter urine concentration higher than the detection of healthy adults and pupils value, even higher than some workers occupation exposure detection value showed that oxidative stress strong in elderly people and potential health risks of.4) OH-PAHs, 8-OHdG and PAHs detection results of particles in the relevant Analysis results show that 1-ONaP, 2-OHNaP and OHNaP have good correlation with PM2.5 in NaP, indicating that PM2.5 in NaP for the elderly population in the NaP exposure level of contribution. While the other hydroxyl component PAHs and 8-OHdG and PM2.5 PAHs in the sample components of individual exposure did not reflect a good correlation. But 8-OHdG and hydroxyl PAHs components have a good correlation. Compared with respiratory pathway of exposure, exposure to other ways of diet may have a greater impact on the health of the elderly.

【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R114;X513

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