本文選題：巖藻黃素　切入點(diǎn)：共軛亞油酸　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：肥胖已經(jīng)在全球廣泛盛行,威脅著全人類的健康。肥胖與許多慢性疾病密切相關(guān),如糖尿病,心血管疾病,消化系統(tǒng)疾病,呼吸道疾病以及各種癌癥。 巖藻黃素(fucoxanthin)是海藻中特殊類胡蘿卜素的重要種類之一,含有丙二烯和環(huán)氧烷的特殊結(jié)構(gòu),這種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)決定了其具有抗肥胖、調(diào)節(jié)血糖、抗腫瘤、清除自由基、抗氧化、抗血管新生等多種生理活性。共軛亞油酸(conjugated linoleic acids, CLA)是必需脂肪酸-亞油酸(linoleic acid, LA)的異構(gòu)體,是天然存在的十八碳二烯酸,含有共軛雙鍵,屬于多不飽和脂肪酸。近年來(lái)研究證明,CLA有多種生理活性,包括預(yù)防動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,促進(jìn)動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng),提高機(jī)體免疫力,減少脂肪沉積和影響脂肪代謝、減少甘油三酯含量,抗腫瘤,改善Ⅱ型糖尿病等。 豆渣是加工豆腐、豆乳等豆制品的副產(chǎn)品,其中含有豐富的膳食纖維,產(chǎn)熱低,并含有鈣、磷、鐵、維生素等營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分,對(duì)肥胖癥、糖尿病、心血管疾病等具有一定的防治作用。膳食纖維是食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)中的第七大營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,對(duì)人體健康至關(guān)重要。但是目前我國(guó)人均膳食纖維攝入量較低,而豆渣富含膳食纖維,其含量達(dá)50%～70%,卻由于豆渣直接食用,口感粗糙,難以下咽,所以限制了豆渣在食品中的應(yīng)用。目前我國(guó)年產(chǎn)約2000萬(wàn)噸濕豆渣,其中大部分只用作飼料。 首先通過(guò)對(duì)SD大鼠的飲食干預(yù),研究了巖藻黃素及巖藻黃素和共軛亞油酸組合對(duì)大鼠體重、脂肪濕重、血脂和組織病理等的影響,同時(shí)測(cè)定了脂肪組織中脂聯(lián)素,瘦素,脂質(zhì)生成,分解和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)相關(guān)的酶,UCP2等基因的表達(dá)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),巖藻黃素可以顯著地降低體重,脂肪濕重和肝重,改善高脂引起的脂肪肝變性,降低游離脂肪酸在血清中的含量,同時(shí),巖藻黃素還具有提高抵抗素,脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶和肉堿棕櫚酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶1A等基因表達(dá)的作用。巖藻黃素和共軛亞油酸能夠促進(jìn)脂質(zhì)分解代謝以及脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)基因表達(dá)的上調(diào),同時(shí)促進(jìn)脂肪合成酶基因的下調(diào),加速了脂肪酸的p氧化和TG的水解,抑制脂質(zhì)生成和成熟脂肪細(xì)胞的分化,從而起到降低肥胖大鼠體重的作用。這為今后藻類中巖藻黃素的食(藥)用開發(fā)利用和營(yíng)養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)以及共軛亞油酸的進(jìn)一步加工利用提供了一定的理論研究基礎(chǔ)和科學(xué)依據(jù)。 其次,研究將豆渣粉添加到餅干中,用特制的豆渣餅干對(duì)超重和肥胖者進(jìn)行隨機(jī)對(duì)照干預(yù)試驗(yàn),探究豆渣中膳食纖維降低體重,改善血脂和體脂的作用及其機(jī)制。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,12周后,食用豆渣膳食纖維的試驗(yàn)者體重,BMI和血清LDL-C水平顯著降低。同時(shí),豆渣組試驗(yàn)者的體重、BMI、腰圍和舒張壓,血清TC、LDL-C、血糖水平、體脂和軀干脂肪含量亦均顯著低于干預(yù)前。膳食纖維主要是能夠促進(jìn)過(guò)飽狀態(tài),抑制食欲,從而減少食物攝入來(lái)降低體重和體脂。膳食纖維還有可能通過(guò)膽汁酸的排泄,繼而促進(jìn)膽固醇向膽汁酸的轉(zhuǎn)變從而引起血清中膽固醇水平降低。這些結(jié)果說(shuō)明,豆渣膳食纖維對(duì)超重和肥胖者的體重、血壓、腰圍、血清脂質(zhì)水平和體脂具有明顯的改善作用。
[Abstract]:Obesity has been widespread in the world and threatens the health of all mankind. Obesity is closely related to many chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases and various kinds of cancer.
Fucoxanthin (fucoxanthin) is one of the important types of special algae carotene, special structure containing allene and alkylene oxide, this special structure makes it has anti obesity, blood glucose regulation, anti-tumor, free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti angiogenesis and other physiological activity. The conjugated linoleic acid (conjugated linoleic acids. CLA) is the essential fatty acid linoleic acid - (linoleic acid LA) isomer is a naturally occurring eighteen carbon two acid, containing conjugated double bonds, which belongs to the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies show that CLA has a variety of physiological activities, including the prevention of atherosclerosis, promote animal growth, improve immunity, reduce fat effect of fat deposition and metabolism, reduce the content of triglyceride, anti-tumor, improve type II diabetes.
Okra is tofu, soy milk and other soy by-products, which contains rich dietary fiber, low heat, and contains calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins and other nutrients for diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, certain preventive effect is. Dietary fiber is seventh nutrients in food and nutrition, is essential to the health of human body. But China's per capita dietary fiber intake is low, while the soybean is rich in dietary fiber, the content of 50% ~ 70%, but because the bean dregs direct edible, rough texture, hard to swallow, so limit the application of residue in food. At present, China's annual output of about 20 million tons of wet dregs, most of them only for feed.
First of all through the diet intervention on SD rats, weight of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthin and conjugated linoleic acid on rats, the wet weight of fat, serum lipids and pathological tissue, adipose tissue adiponectin, determination of leptin, lipid formation, decomposition and transport related enzymes, expression of UCP2 gene the study found that fucoxanthin can significantly reduce the body weight, wet weight of fat and liver weight, improve the high fat induced fatty liver degeneration, reduce the content of free fatty acid in serum at the same time, fucoxanthin has increased the role of resistin, adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A gene expression. Fucoxanthin and conjugated linoleic acid can promote lipid metabolism and fatty acid transporter gene expression, and promote fat synthase gene down-regulation, accelerate the hydrolysis of fatty acid oxidation of P and TG, inhibited The differentiation of lipid formation and mature fat cells, so as to reduce the body weight of obese rats. This is the future of algae fucoxanthin in food (Medicine) for the development and utilization of nutrition evaluation and further processing of conjugated linoleic acid by providing certain theoretical basis and scientific basis.
Secondly, the study of bean dregs powder is added to the biscuit, for randomized controlled intervention trials of overweight and obese persons with special soybean dietary fiber from soybean dregs of biscuit, reduce weight, improve the effect and mechanism of blood lipid and body fat. The results showed that 12 weeks after the test, edible dietary fiber weight, and BMI the serum LDL-C level was significantly reduced. At the same time, bean dregs group weight, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure, serum TC, LDL-C, blood glucose level, body fat and body fat content were significantly lower than those before intervention. Dietary fiber is mainly to promote satiety, suppress appetite, reduce body weight and reduce the food intake of dietary fiber and fat. Through the excretion of bile acids and cholesterol to promote transformation of bile acid resulting in serum cholesterol levels decreased. These results indicated that dietary fiber on overweight and obesity The body weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, serum lipid level and body fat have a significant improvement.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R151.3

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本文編號(hào)：1592414