本文選題：廣西巴馬　切入點(diǎn)：長(zhǎng)壽老人　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：膳食纖維是多糖的重要組成成分,雖其本身不能被宿主消化吸收利用,但對(duì)胃腸功能、其他重要營(yíng)養(yǎng)素和宿主腸道菌群的平衡都具有重要作用,也是保證人體健康的重要物質(zhì)之一。廣西巴馬是世界著名的長(zhǎng)壽之鄉(xiāng),從其飲食結(jié)構(gòu)研究入手,探索膳食纖維多糖飲食和廣西巴馬長(zhǎng)壽老人腸道菌群相關(guān)性,對(duì)深入了解膳食纖維多糖功效,闡明飲食與健康長(zhǎng)壽關(guān)系,服務(wù)社會(huì)具有重要的意義。目前,世界各個(gè)地區(qū)長(zhǎng)壽老人腸道菌群特征正在不斷被報(bào)道。然而,對(duì)于廣西巴馬這樣一個(gè)世界著名的長(zhǎng)壽鄉(xiāng),歷史悠久且生活飲食獨(dú)具特色的人群,迄今為止仍沒有關(guān)于該人群腸道菌群與其飲食結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)性的研究報(bào)道。本研究利用流行病學(xué)飲食調(diào)查問卷FFQ23、Illumina MiSeq高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)、變性梯度凝膠電泳(PCR-DGGE)、屬特異性克隆文庫(kù)和種特異性熒光定量PCR技術(shù),對(duì)廣西巴馬百歲老人、巴馬80-99歲老年人和南寧80-99歲老年人飲食情況、腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)、雙歧桿菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)、乳酸菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行探索研究,旨在揭示廣西巴馬長(zhǎng)壽老人腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)特征,深入分析飲食結(jié)構(gòu)與巴馬長(zhǎng)壽老人腸道菌群的密切聯(lián)系。飲食調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,廣西巴馬長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)飲食特點(diǎn)是以粥類、粗雜糧類、深色蔬菜類、家畜肉類食物攝入為主的膳食纖維多糖飲食模式。與《中國(guó)居民膳食指南》推薦量相比,除百歲老人飲食中谷物攝入量達(dá)標(biāo)率為71.43%和巴馬80-99歲老年人蔬菜攝入量達(dá)標(biāo)率為52.63%外,長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)老年人飲食模式中其他食物攝入量達(dá)標(biāo)率均小于15%,其中畜禽肉類攝入水平顯著高于非長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)老年人(p0.05)。營(yíng)養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析顯示長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)膳食纖維攝入量顯著高于非長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)老人(p0.05),且相比于2004年中國(guó)居民膳食營(yíng)養(yǎng)素參考攝入量,長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)百歲老人飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)素達(dá)標(biāo)率很低的情況下,僅維生素A攝入量達(dá)標(biāo)率為100%。百歲老人三大營(yíng)養(yǎng)素供能比為：蛋白質(zhì)17.94%,脂肪35.82%,碳水化合物52.23%,結(jié)果顯示我國(guó)居民膳食指南的推薦量不適合健康高齡老人的飲食需求�；�16S rDNA的Illumina MiSeq高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)結(jié)合多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析識(shí)別老年人腸道菌群與其飲食結(jié)構(gòu)、食物攝入量及營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入量之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,對(duì)比80-99歲老年人,巴馬百歲老人腸道菌群多樣性增加(p0.05)�；谀c道菌群α和β多樣性分析結(jié)果證實(shí)了三組老年人腸道菌群構(gòu)成差異明顯,其中在腸道菌群屬水平中羅氏菌屬(Roseburia)和埃希氏菌屬(Escherichia)的相對(duì)豐度在百歲老人糞便中顯著偏高(p0.05),而乳酸菌屬(Lactobacillus)、棲糞桿菌屬(Faecalibacterium)、副擬桿菌屬(Parabacteroides)、丁酸弧菌屬(Butyricimonas)、糞球菌屬(Coprococcus)、巨單胞菌屬(Megamonas)、光岡菌屬(Mitsuokella)、薩頓氏菌屬(Sutterella)和Akkermansia的相對(duì)豐度顯著偏低(p0.05)。通過與飲食結(jié)構(gòu)、食物攝入量、營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入量相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)與膳食纖維多糖飲食、羅氏菌屬(Roseburia)與粗雜糧攝入量和膳食纖維多糖營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入量呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)關(guān)系�；诔彩絇CR-DGGE.屬特異性克隆文庫(kù)和種特異性熒光定量PCR技術(shù)結(jié)合多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析識(shí)別老年人腸道雙歧桿菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)與其飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中的食物攝入量及營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入量之間的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果表明,百歲老人糞便雙歧桿菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性增加。除最小雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium minimum)、雞雙歧桿菌(B. saecularmay/B. pullorum/B. gallinarum)和摩恩格里艾恩斯雙歧桿菌(B. mongoliense)是百歲老年組獨(dú)有菌種外,齒雙歧桿菌(B. dentium)、長(zhǎng)雙歧桿菌(B. longum)、嗜熱雙歧桿菌(B. thermophilum)、假鏈狀雙歧桿菌／鏈狀雙歧桿菌(B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum)和青春雙歧桿菌(B. adolescentis)是三組老年人共有的腸道雙歧桿菌。它們的差異性主要表現(xiàn)為：對(duì)比巴馬80-99歲組,巴馬百歲組中長(zhǎng)雙歧桿菌(B. longum)和齒雙歧桿菌(B. dentium)的數(shù)量顯著增加(p0.05)；對(duì)比南寧80-99歲,百歲組中青春雙歧桿菌(B. adolescentis)的檢出率顯著降低(p0.05)。與飲食關(guān)聯(lián)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),長(zhǎng)雙歧桿菌(B. longum)的含量與家畜肉類攝入量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(p0.05),青春雙歧桿菌(B. adolescentis)的含量與河鮮類攝入量呈顯著正相關(guān)(p0.05),嗜熱雙歧桿菌(B. thermophilum)的含量與碳水化合物攝入量呈顯著正相關(guān)(p0.05)�；诔彩絇CR-DGGE、屬特異性克隆文庫(kù)和種特異性熒光定量PCR技術(shù)結(jié)合多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析手段識(shí)別老年人腸道乳酸菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)與其飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中的食物攝入量及營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入量之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,百歲組糞便乳酸菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性增加,同型發(fā)酵乳酸菌數(shù)量和檢出率增加,而異型發(fā)酵乳酸菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生重排。它們之間主要的差異表現(xiàn)為：百歲組中嗜酸乳桿菌(L. acidophilus)、發(fā)酵乳桿菌(L. fermentum)、融合魏斯氏菌(W. confusa)和乳明串珠菌(L. lactis)的數(shù)量顯著提高(p0.05),且對(duì)比80-99歲組,發(fā)酵乳桿菌(L. fermentum)和融合魏斯氏菌(W. confusa)的檢測(cè)率也顯著增強(qiáng)(p0.05)。造成該差異的主要菌種為：融合魏斯氏菌(W. confusa)、嗜酸乳桿菌(L. acidophilus)和羅伊氏乳桿菌(L. reuteri),其中融合魏斯氏菌(W. confusa)與羅伊氏乳桿菌(L. reuteri)存在顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。與飲食的關(guān)聯(lián)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),融合魏斯氏菌(W. confusa)與粥類、粗雜糧及家畜肉類的食物攝入量具有顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.05),而羅伊氏乳桿菌(L. reuteri)與膳食纖維攝入量具有顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.05)。綜上所述,在百歲老人飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中粗雜糧所占的比例高,而他們的腸道菌群中有益菌的數(shù)量也高,如羅氏菌屬(Roseburia),且益生菌——雙歧桿菌和乳酸菌群落多樣性都更加豐富。上述的研究結(jié)果為健康長(zhǎng)壽老人腸道菌群與其膳食纖維多糖飲食關(guān)聯(lián)性學(xué)說提供了新的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Dietary fiber is an important component of polysaccharide, although itself cannot be absorbed by the host digestion, but on gastrointestinal function and other important nutrients and gut microflora balance plays an important role, is also one of the most important substances to human health. Guangxi Bama is the world famous Changshouzhixiang, starting from the to explore the structure of food, dietary fiber polysaccharide diet and Guangxi Bama longevity of the elderly intestinal flora correlation, in-depth understanding of the dietary fiber polysaccharide effect, clarify the relationship between health and longevity diet, plays an important role in social services. At present, all regions of the world longevity elderly intestinal flora characteristics are reported. However, for Guangxi Bama such a world famous longevity Township, has a long history and unique life eating people, so far still not on the human intestinal flora and its food structure The Research Report of the questionnaire. The epidemiology of FFQ23 diet used in this study, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), a specific clone library and species-specific fluorescent quantitative PCR technology of Guangxi Bama centenarians, 80-99 year old Nanning Bama and 80-99 year old diet, the structure of intestinal flora, Bifidobacterium community structure, explore and study the community structure of lactic acid bacteria, to reveal the Guangxi Bama longevity of the elderly microflora characteristics, in-depth analysis of diet and Bama longevity of the elderly intestinal flora closely. Dietary survey results show that Guangxi Bama longevity region is characterized by eating porridge, coarse grains dark colored vegetables, livestock, meat food intake of dietary fiber polysaccharide dietary patterns. Compared with the dietary guidelines > < China recommendations, in addition to centenarians diet Valley Intake compliance rate was 71.43% and 80-99 years old in Bama vegetable intake compliance rate was 52.63%, the diet pattern for the elderly longevity areas in the standard rate of other food intake were less than 15%, the meat intake level was significantly higher than that in non elderly longevity area (P0.05). The analysis showed that the longevity area of dietary fiber intake was significantly higher than that of non longevity area the elderly nutrition structure (P0.05), and compared to the dietary reference intake in 2004 China residents, longevity of centenarians in the diet of other nutrients compliance rate is very low, only the standard rate of vitamin A intake of centenarians 100%. energy supply of three major nutrients: protein 17.94%, fat 35.82%. Results showed that 52.23% carbohydrates, dietary requirements recommended dietary guidelines of residents in our country is not suitable for the elderly health. 16S rDNA Illumina MiSeq based on Qualcomm The amount of sequencing technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis to identify elderly intestinal flora and dietary structure, the relationship between food intake and nutrient intake. The results showed that compared to 80-99 years of age or older, Bama centenarians intestinal flora diversity increased (P0.05). The intestinal flora of alpha and beta diversity analysis results confirmed that three group of elderly intestinal flora composition differences based on the intestinal microflora in the genus level of Rothia (Roseburia) and Escherichia coli (Escherichia) is higher significantly in the relative abundance of centenarians in feces (P0.05), and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus), fecal bacteria of the genus habitat (Faecalibacterium), vice Bacteroides (Parabacteroides), butyrivibrio (Butyricimonas), coprococcus (Coprococcus), giant Aeromonas (Megamonas), Mitsuoka sp. (Mitsuokella), Sutton's genus (Sutterella) and the relative abundance of Akkermansia significantly The low (P0.05). With the diet, food intake, correlation analysis of nutrient intake, rumen bacteria, (Ruminococcaceae) and dietary fiber polysaccharide diet, Rothia (Roseburia) showed positive correlation with coarse food intake and nutrient intake of dietary fiber polysaccharide. Nested PCR-DGGE. genus specific clone library and a specific fluorescent quantitative PCR technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis the correlation between food intake and nutritional identification of elderly intestinal Bifidobacterium community structure and diet based on the intakes. The results indicate that the centenarians fecal Bifidobacterium diversity increased. In addition to the minimum of Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium minimum), chicken Bifidobacterium (B. saecularmay/B. pullorum/B. gallinarum) and Moen Gerry Irons Bifidobacterium (B. mongoliense) is a hundred years old group unique species, Bifidobacterium breve (B. dentium), Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum), Bifidobacterium thermophilum (B. thermophilum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum / Bifidobacterium catenulatum (B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum) and B.adolescentis (B. adolescentis) is a group of three elderly common intestinal bifidobacteria. Their difference is mainly Obama: comparison of 80-99 years old group, Bifidobacterium longum centenarian in Bama (B. longum) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. dentium) significantly increased the number (P0.05); compared with Nanning's 80-99 year old youth, Bifidobacterium centenarian in bacteria (B. adolescentis) the detection rate was significantly lower (P0.05) discovery and research. Association of diet, Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) and the content of livestock meat intake was negatively correlated (P0.05), B.adolescentis (B. adolescentis) and the content of fish intake is positively related (P0.05), Bifidobacterium thermophilum (B. t Hermophilum) and the content of carbohydrate intake was positively correlated (P0.05). Based on the nested PCR-DGGE, genus specific clone library and species-specific fluorescent quantitative PCR technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis on the relationship between food intake and nutritional means of identification of elderly intestinal lactic acid bacteria community structure and the structure of the food intakes. The results showed that hundred fecal lactic acid bacteria community structure diversity increased, the number of the same type of fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and detection rate increased, while the heterofermentative lactic bacteria community structure rearrangement. The main difference between them is: Lactobacillus acidophilus 100 group (L. acidophilus), l.fermentum (L. fermentum), fusion Wei Adams (W. confusa) and Salmonella Leuconostoc lactis (L. lactis) the number increased significantly (P0.05), and the contrast group of 80-99 years old, l.fermentum (L. fermentum) and weissella strains (W. conf USA) the detection rate also significantly increased (P0.05). The difference is mainly caused by bacteria: weissella strains (W., confusa) (L. acidophilus) of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), which weissella strains (W. confusa) and Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) there are significant negative correlation. The discovery and study of relevance of the diet, weissella strains (W. confusa) and cereals, grains and livestock meat food intake has a significant positive correlation (P0.05), and Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) has a significant negative correlation with the intake of dietary fiber (P0.05). To sum up, in the centenarians diet of coarse grains and the proportion of high, and their intestinal flora in bacteria quantity is high, such as Roche sp. (Roseburia), and the probiotic Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria community diversity is more abundant. The above research The results provided a new theoretical basis for the relationship between the intestinal microflora and the dietary fiber polysaccharide diet.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R153.3

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本文編號(hào)：1574381