發(fā)布時間：2018-02-26 17:34

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 施工階段 揚(yáng)塵 健康損害 監(jiān)測 評價分析　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：施工揚(yáng)塵是建筑工程施工階段對建筑業(yè)從業(yè)人員職業(yè)健康威脅較大的一個因素之一。在建筑工程施工的各個階段，都會有不同程度的施工揚(yáng)塵排放，對相關(guān)的施工人員以及管理人員造成了較為嚴(yán)重的健康影響。為了能更好的對施工揚(yáng)塵及相關(guān)受影響人群采取有針對性的防控及保護(hù)措施，我們需要對施工揚(yáng)塵在不同施工階段以及現(xiàn)場不同人群之間的分布規(guī)律和特征有一個更為準(zhǔn)確的認(rèn)識，進(jìn)而從管理層面制定有效的揚(yáng)塵防控管理辦法和策略。所以，本文希望通過對實際工程項目的揚(yáng)塵監(jiān)測，開展施工揚(yáng)塵的測評研究，以對實際工程項目中相關(guān)人群所受施工揚(yáng)塵的健康影響狀況做深入的分析。 首先，論文根據(jù)各施工階段施工活動與場地內(nèi)人群的分布特征，有針對各施工階段制定了一套能反映該階段各類主要人群所受揚(yáng)塵健康影響差異的揚(yáng)塵監(jiān)測方案，并選擇了北京市5個有代表性且處于各個施工階段的工程建設(shè)項目進(jìn)行了實地監(jiān)測，獲取了3個施工階段17個基本點(diǎn)位共347組揚(yáng)塵濃度樣本基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，并對其進(jìn)行了整理和比較分析，積累了大量原始數(shù)據(jù)，同時對揚(yáng)塵污染在各階段的分布有一個初步的認(rèn)識。 另外，論文基于建筑健康損害評價體系（BHIAS）以及健康風(fēng)險評價方法，針對現(xiàn)有健康損害評價體系過于依賴清單數(shù)據(jù)而無法體現(xiàn)施工現(xiàn)場環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)的不足，創(chuàng)新的構(gòu)建出一套使用現(xiàn)場環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)并且可以導(dǎo)出貨幣化評價結(jié)果的揚(yáng)塵健康損害測算模型。該模型以監(jiān)測揚(yáng)塵濃度為基礎(chǔ)，通過暴露參數(shù)方法計算出一定揚(yáng)塵濃度下的健康風(fēng)險，之后按照一定比例將該風(fēng)險分?jǐn)傊辆唧w損害終端疾病上，，通過醫(yī)學(xué)上的已有成果計算出人體健康生命損失，最后通過最新的生命年價值換算，實現(xiàn)測算結(jié)果的貨幣化表征，使得該模型能融入已有的BHIAS評價體系，極大的拓展了建筑健康損害體系的適用范圍，并為類似的研究提供了借鑒和參考。 希望通過本文的成果，為后續(xù)的深入研究提供扎實的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)，同時為施工揚(yáng)塵防控及相關(guān)人員防護(hù)政策及管理辦法的制定提供客觀科學(xué)的依據(jù)，使廣大建筑從業(yè)人員的職業(yè)健康得到更加切實的保障。
[Abstract]:Construction dust is one of the factors that threaten the occupational health of construction workers at the construction stage. In order to be able to better the construction dust and the relevant affected people to take targeted prevention and control and protection measures, We need to have a more accurate understanding of the distribution and characteristics of dust in different construction stages and among different people in the field, and then formulate effective methods and strategies for dust prevention and control from the management level. This paper hopes to carry out the evaluation and study of construction dust through the dust monitoring of actual engineering projects, in order to make a deep analysis of the health influence of the relevant people in the actual engineering projects. Firstly, according to the characteristics of construction activities and the distribution of people in the site, a dust monitoring scheme is developed to reflect the difference of the health effects of various kinds of people in the construction stage. Five representative construction projects in Beijing were selected to carry out field monitoring, and 347 sets of dust concentration samples were obtained from 17 basic sites in 3 construction stages. It has been collated and compared and analyzed, accumulated a large number of raw data, at the same time, there is a preliminary understanding of the distribution of dust pollution in each stage. In addition, based on building health damage assessment system (BHIASS) and health risk assessment method, the existing health damage assessment system is too dependent on inventory data to reflect the lack of construction site environmental data. An innovative model for measuring dust health damage using field environmental data and deriving monetized assessment results is developed. The model is based on monitoring dust concentrations. The health risk under a certain dust concentration is calculated by the method of exposure parameters, and then the risk is apportioned to the specific damage terminal disease according to a certain proportion, and the loss of human health life is calculated through the existing medical achievements. Finally, through the latest conversion of life year value, the monetization representation of the calculation results is realized, which makes the model fit into the existing BHIAS evaluation system, and greatly expands the scope of application of the building health damage system. It also provides reference and reference for similar research. It is hoped that through the results of this paper, it will provide a solid data base for further research, and provide an objective and scientific basis for the construction dust prevention and control and the formulation of relevant personnel protection policies and management methods. So that the occupational health of the vast number of construction workers to get more practical protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R135;TU714

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