本文關(guān)鍵詞： 熱浪 防護(hù)措施 支付意愿　出處：《環(huán)境與健康雜志》2015年08期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：目的了解公眾對(duì)熱浪健康防護(hù)相關(guān)措施的實(shí)際需求,分析居民對(duì)不同類型防護(hù)措施的偏好程度及相關(guān)原因,為我國開展熱浪健康防護(hù)相關(guān)措施的工作提供必要的科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法于2013年在北京市城區(qū)A和郊區(qū)B開展基于條件價(jià)值法的居民對(duì)熱浪健康防護(hù)措施的支付意愿問卷調(diào)查,采用多階段分層抽樣、入戶調(diào)查形式,調(diào)查措施提供方為政府或市場時(shí),居民對(duì)預(yù)警、市政、宣傳、應(yīng)急四項(xiàng)措施的支付意愿。結(jié)果共調(diào)查1 227人,其中城區(qū)A 636人,郊區(qū)B 591人;當(dāng)防護(hù)措施的提供方為政府時(shí),城區(qū)A和郊區(qū)B居民的支付率分別為31.6%和51.6%;當(dāng)防護(hù)措施的提供方為市場時(shí),城區(qū)A和郊區(qū)B居民的支付率分別為32.0%和47.4%。無論是政府還是市場提供熱浪健康防護(hù)相關(guān)措施,兩區(qū)居民的支付金額集中于40元/(人·年)。綜合支付率與支付金額結(jié)果,兩區(qū)居民對(duì)政府提供措施的支付意愿大于市場;居民對(duì)應(yīng)急措施的支付意愿較高,對(duì)宣傳措施的支付意愿較低。當(dāng)措施的提供方為政府時(shí),居民不愿意支付費(fèi)用的原因選擇最多的是"政府的責(zé)任,費(fèi)用應(yīng)該由政府承擔(dān)";當(dāng)措施的提供方為市場時(shí),居民不愿意支付費(fèi)用的原因選擇最多的為"市場應(yīng)該免費(fèi)為公眾提供此項(xiàng)措施";原因選擇率位居第二的均為"收入問題"。結(jié)論社會(huì)亟需向公眾提供熱浪健康影響的防護(hù)相關(guān)措施。雖然優(yōu)先考慮由政府提供相關(guān)措施,但也可吸納市場上的機(jī)構(gòu)來提供相似的服務(wù)。社會(huì)在向公眾提供熱浪健康防護(hù)相關(guān)措施時(shí),應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮提供加強(qiáng)市政工程和建設(shè)城市熱浪應(yīng)急場所等措施。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the actual demand of the public for measures related to the health protection of heat waves, and to analyze the degree of preference of residents to different types of measures and the related reasons. Methods A questionnaire survey on residents' willingness to pay for heatwave health protection measures based on conditional value method was conducted in 2013 in urban area A and suburb B of Beijing. Using multi-stage stratified sampling, household survey, when the provider of survey measure is government or market, the residents' willingness to pay for early warning, municipal, propaganda and emergency measures. Results A total of 1,227 people were surveyed, including A636 in urban area. There were 591 people in suburb B; when the provider of protective measures was the government, the payment rates of residents of urban area A and suburban B were 31.6% and 51.6, respectively; when the provider of protective measures was the market, The payment rates of residents in urban area A and suburban B are 32.0% and 47.4 respectively. Whether the government or the market provides measures related to the protection of heatwave health, the payment amount of residents in the two districts is concentrated at 40 yuan (people per year). The residents of the two districts have greater willingness to pay for the measures provided by the government than the market; residents have a higher willingness to pay for emergency measures and lower willingness to pay for the publicity measures. When the provider of the measures is the government, The reason why residents are unwilling to pay is "the government's responsibility, and the cost should be borne by the government"; when the provider of the measure is the market, The reason why residents are unwilling to pay is that "the market should provide this measure free of charge to the public", and the second reason is "income problem". Conclusion it is urgent for society to provide the public with the health effects of heat wave. Although priority is given to the provision of relevant measures by the government, But it can also attract institutions in the market to provide similar services. In providing the public with measures related to the health protection of heat waves, priority should be given to providing measures such as strengthening municipal works and building urban heat wave emergency sites.
【作者單位】： 中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心環(huán)境與健康相關(guān)產(chǎn)品安全所環(huán)境健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估室;南京大學(xué)環(huán)境學(xué)院污染控制與資源化研究國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;北京市疾病預(yù)防控制中心環(huán)境衛(wèi)生所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(21277135,40905069) 北京市自然科學(xué)基金(8132048)
【分類號(hào)】：R122.26

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