本文關(guān)鍵詞： 上海港 海員 營(yíng)養(yǎng) DBI-07 生存質(zhì)量　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究背景 海洋是人類第二大的生存和發(fā)展空間。海洋運(yùn)輸已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際間貿(mào)易的主要運(yùn)輸方式,而在整個(gè)海運(yùn)系統(tǒng)中最重要的就是海員這一龐大而特殊的群體。海員的工作環(huán)境與陸地有很大區(qū)別,不但要面對(duì)惡劣的自然環(huán)境,還要承受船舶本身的噪音、振動(dòng)、電磁輻射的影響,此外遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)和家人分離,固定的上下級(jí)關(guān)系等因素嚴(yán)重影響海員的健康狀況。除了健康以外,這樣一種特殊的工作環(huán)境,還對(duì)海員的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)和生存質(zhì)量有著巨大的影響。 研究目的 1、了解上海港出入境中國(guó)籍海員的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入情況,營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)情況及其行為特點(diǎn)。 2、探究國(guó)際海員的生存質(zhì)量及其影響因素。 3、通過(guò)本次研究,提出如何通過(guò)改善海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況和膳食結(jié)構(gòu)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)態(tài)度行為來(lái)提升國(guó)際海員的生活質(zhì)量的建議。 研究方法 本次研究是在途徑上海港的國(guó)際航行船舶上開展的,針對(duì)中國(guó)籍海員的一次橫斷面調(diào)查。隨機(jī)抽取4條主要國(guó)際航線集裝箱貨輪上的海員,作為調(diào)查對(duì)象,通過(guò)自填式的問(wèn)卷、3天稱重記賬表和生存質(zhì)量簡(jiǎn)表(WHOQOL-BREF)收集相關(guān)的人口學(xué)信息,海員的膳食攝入信息、營(yíng)養(yǎng)KAP信息和生存質(zhì)量信息。旨在了解不同航線、不同職位、不同年齡組等,海員的營(yíng)養(yǎng)情況及生存質(zhì)量,分析可能存在的影響海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)和生存質(zhì)量的因素,為今后改善海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況等提供可靠的依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果 本次調(diào)查的海員樣本全部為男性中國(guó)籍,年齡最大的63歲,最小的為20歲,年齡中位數(shù)為30(25～40)歲,漢族占總數(shù)的95.7%。樣本海員的已婚者占55.8%,未婚和離異者分別為40.9%和3.2%。海員受教育程度主要以大專以上學(xué)歷為主,收入主要集中在500～1000美元/月和大于2000美元/月。 調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示有43.8%的海員超重,1.7%的海員為肥胖。海員的膳食問(wèn)題主要是,新鮮水果、奶制品和豆類的攝入普遍不足,未能達(dá)到推薦兩者在70%以上,而畜禽肉、食用油、鹽的攝入則普遍過(guò)量,超過(guò)推薦量的人數(shù)比例在80%以上。除此之外,海員的脂肪類攝入過(guò)量,占總供能的41.9%,三餐能量分配和不合理,晚餐能量占全天能量的50%。海員的膳食攝入主要受航線影響(p0.05),美洲航線的海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏的問(wèn)題較少,但是可能存在營(yíng)養(yǎng)攝入過(guò)量的問(wèn)題。 膳食平衡研究發(fā)現(xiàn)80.4%的海員存在低度以上的攝入過(guò)量,37.7%的海員存在低度以上的攝入不足,近一半海員存在膳食不平衡的情況。海員的膳食模式主要以模式A為主,此外還有部分屬于模式B和模式D。海員的膳食平衡受到B M I、年齡、航線、伙食費(fèi)等因素影響。 海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)普遍薄弱,得分為6.4±3.7分,且不同年齡組和教育水平組的海員,其營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分也具有顯著差異(p0.05)。海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)態(tài)度較好,但是缺乏獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)的途徑,他們更關(guān)心食品安全的問(wèn)題。三餐不規(guī)律是海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)行為的主要問(wèn)題。 海員的生存質(zhì)量在四個(gè)領(lǐng)域均低于常模(p0.05),且受到年齡、教育、海齡等多種因素的影響。結(jié)論 雖然海員的總體營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況已經(jīng)有了很大的改善,但是總體膳食不平衡的情況依然比較普遍。新鮮水果和奶制品缺乏的問(wèn)題尤其突出。此外雖然維生素和微量元素的缺乏未出現(xiàn)明顯的臨床癥狀,但是需要引起足夠的重視。海員營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)普遍匱乏,運(yùn)動(dòng)不足和三餐無(wú)規(guī)律也是此次研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的另外一個(gè)問(wèn)題。海員的生存質(zhì)量普遍較差,這給航運(yùn)管理方敲響了警鐘。建議 采取各種有效的干預(yù)措施,提高海員的生存質(zhì)量；制定相關(guān)的法律法規(guī),保障海員的權(quán)益；開展健康教育提高海員的營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí),建立合理的伙食補(bǔ)給途徑,推動(dòng)家庭與企業(yè)共建；海員自身注意,改變不良的生活習(xí)慣,加強(qiáng)自我健康的管理。
[Abstract]:Research background
The sea is the human survival and the development space second. Ocean transportation has become the main mode of transport in international trade, and the most important in the whole shipping system is a large and special seafarer groups. Work environment and land seafarers are very different, not only to face the harsh natural environment, but also bear the ship the influence of noise, vibration, electromagnetic radiation, in addition, away from family and social isolation, fixed relationships and other factors seriously affect the health of seafarers. In addition to health, such a special working environment, but also the diet structure and the quality of life for seafarers has a huge impact.
research objective
1, to understand the nutrition intake, nutrition knowledge and behavior characteristics of the Chinese seafarers in Shanghai port.
2, to explore the quality of the international seafarers and their influencing factors.
3, through this study, we put forward suggestions on how to improve the quality of life of seafarers by improving the nutritional status and dietary structure of the seafarers and nutrition attitude behavior.
research method
This study is carried out in the way of the port of Shanghai international sailing ships, according to a cross-sectional survey of China seamen. Seafarers were randomly selected from 4 major international airlines cargo, as the research object, through a self-administered questionnaire, 3 days weighing accounting table and survival quality scale (WHOQOL-BREF) to collect demographic the related information of seafarers' dietary intake, nutritional information and KAP quality of life information. In order to understand the different routes, different positions, different age groups, the nutritional status and quality of life of seafarers, analysis of possible influence factors of seafarers nutrition and quality of life, and provide a reliable basis for the improvement of seafarers' nutritional status. The results of the study.
The survey sample all male China seafarers membership, the oldest 63 years old, the youngest was 20 years old, the median age was 30 years old, Han (25~40) accounted for 95.7%. of the total number of seafarers sample of 55.8% married, unmarried and divorced were 40.9% and 3.2%. seafarers educated mainly in college education level, income is mainly concentrated in the $500~1000 / month and more than $2000 / month.
The survey results show that 43.8% of the 1.7% sailors for seafarers are overweight, obesity. The diet problem of seafarers is mainly, fresh fruit, dairy products and beans is generally inadequate, recommend both failed to reach above 70%, and the livestock and poultry meat, edible oil, salt intake is excessive, more than the recommended amount of proportion in 80% above. In addition, seafarers fat excessive intake, total energy supply of 41.9% meals, and unreasonable allocation of energy, energy accounted for 50%. dinner all day long energy dietary intake of seafarers is mainly affected by the influence of route (P0.05), the lack of sea routes of the American nutrition problem is less, but there may be excessive intake of nutrition the problem.
Study on the balanced diet found that 80.4% had low or excessive intake of seafarers, 37.7% sailors had low above the intake, nearly half are seafarers of dietary unbalance. Seafarers dietary pattern mainly in the mode of A, in addition to a balanced diet part of mode B and mode D. B M I by seafarers, age the influence factors, routes, meals and so on.
Seafarers' nutritional knowledge is generally weak, score was 6.4 + 3.7, and the sailors of different age groups and education level group, the nutrition knowledge score has significant difference (P0.05). The seafarer nutrition attitude is better, but the lack of access to nutrition knowledge, they are more concerned about the issue of food safety. Irregular meals is the main problem of seafarers nutrition behavior.
The quality of life of seafarers in four areas is lower than the norm (P0.05), and is influenced by many factors such as age, education, and sea age.
Although the overall nutritional status of seafarers has greatly improved, but the overall dietary imbalance situation is still relatively common. Fresh fruits and dairy products lack is especially prominent. Although lack of vitamins and trace elements without obvious clinical symptoms, but need to pay enough attention to nutrition. Seafarers generally lack of knowledge, in addition a lack of exercise and meals were also found. The generally poor quality of life. And this is a wake-up call for the shipping management.
Take a variety of effective intervention measures, improve the quality of life of seafarers; formulate relevant laws and regulations, protect the seafarers' rights and interests; to carry out health education to improve the nutritional knowledge of seafarers, establish a reasonable way to promote food supply, family and enterprise; Seamen's own attention, change the bad habits of life, strengthen the self health management.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R151

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

1 林宇濤,郭紅衛(wèi),鄧志豪;健康飲食指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)澳門2型糖尿病患者膳食質(zhì)量[J];衛(wèi)生研究;2004年06期

2 何宇納,翟鳳英;中國(guó)成年人膳食質(zhì)量的影響因素分析[J];衛(wèi)生研究;2005年05期

3 郝元濤,方積乾;世界衛(wèi)生組織生存質(zhì)量測(cè)定量表中文版介紹及其使用說(shuō)明[J];現(xiàn)代康復(fù);2000年08期

4 張琚;曾果;張倩;張必科;崔寶榮;唐霞;毛鵬;熊興太;唐曉均;胡小琪;;四川省阿壩州藏漢羌族學(xué)生膳食營(yíng)養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)[J];中國(guó)學(xué)校衛(wèi)生;2006年04期

5 王海明,王恩美,俞鑌炯,林海文,卞美余,高偉忠,朱永祥,才紅兵,胡誕琪;“云�！陛喆瑔T營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查[J];中國(guó)航海;1985年01期

6 郝元濤;方積乾;Power M J;吳少敏;朱淑明;;WHO生存質(zhì)量評(píng)估簡(jiǎn)表的等價(jià)性評(píng)價(jià)[J];中國(guó)心理衛(wèi)生雜志;2006年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：1483278