本文關(guān)鍵詞： 焦化 甲醇 生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境 健康危害　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：通過對某燃?xì)夤窘够状家惑w化項目生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境中職業(yè)病危害因素種類的識別,以及對健康影響程度、工程防護(hù)措施效果和管理情況等進(jìn)行全面的評價,提出切實、合理、可行的控制職業(yè)病危害因素的對策,確保生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境中職業(yè)病危害因素的濃度控制在國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi),從生產(chǎn)源頭控制職業(yè)病危害因素,起到保護(hù)作業(yè)人員健康及相關(guān)權(quán)益,促進(jìn)企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的目的。同時做出客觀、真實的評價結(jié)論,為項目防護(hù)設(shè)施竣工驗收和企業(yè)職業(yè)病防治的日常管理提供科學(xué)的技術(shù)依據(jù)。 根據(jù)《建設(shè)項目職業(yè)病危害評價規(guī)范》、《建設(shè)項目職業(yè)病危害控制效果評價技術(shù)導(dǎo)則》的規(guī)定,通過閱讀資料法、現(xiàn)場調(diào)查法了解生產(chǎn)工藝的全過程,運用工程分析法識別該項目生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境中存在的職業(yè)病危害種類；用定點采樣法和個體采樣法對正常生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境中職業(yè)病危害因素的濃度或強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行檢測；用檢查表法、現(xiàn)場調(diào)查法對工程防護(hù)設(shè)施、衛(wèi)生管理情況等進(jìn)行調(diào)查；用綜合分析法對該項目生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境中存在的職業(yè)病危害因素的危害程度及其控制效果從多層次、多途徑、多方位進(jìn)行綜合分析和評價,從而提出控制職業(yè)病危害因素的合理、可行的防護(hù)對策和建議。 (1)某燃?xì)夤窘够状家惑w化項目正常生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境中存在的主要職業(yè)病危害因素有一氧化碳、甲醇、苯、噪聲等24種；(2)在生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)境中檢測到18種職業(yè)病危害因素,如：苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、苯酚、萘、)硫化物(二硫化碳、二氧化硫、硫化氫)、氮氧化物(一氧化氮、二氧化氮)、強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿(硫酸、鹽酸、氫氧化鈉、碳酸鈉)及氨、氰化氫、錳及其化合物的濃度或強(qiáng)度控制在國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)；而粉塵、一氧化碳、焦?fàn)t逸散物、甲醇、噪聲、高溫等6種職業(yè)病危害因素的濃度或強(qiáng)度超過國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),尤其焦?fàn)t逸散物為該項目重要危害因素；(3)工程防護(hù)設(shè)施和管理措施不完全符合國家要求是形成職業(yè)病危害因素超標(biāo)的主要隱患。 該焦化甲醇一體化項目屬于職業(yè)病危害嚴(yán)重的建設(shè)項目；企業(yè)日常管理中應(yīng)重視粉塵、一氧化碳、焦?fàn)t逸散物、甲醇、噪聲、高溫等6種職業(yè)病危害因素的控制,重點監(jiān)視治理職業(yè)病危害因素超標(biāo)的工作地點,對接觸職業(yè)病危害因素超標(biāo)的崗位作業(yè)人員進(jìn)行重點健康監(jiān)護(hù),并加強(qiáng)個人防護(hù)；應(yīng)當(dāng)重點健全和完善對粉塵、一氧化碳、焦?fàn)t逸散物、甲醇、噪聲、高溫等6種職業(yè)病危害因素工程措施和管理措施。
[Abstract]:Through the identification of occupational hazard factors in the production environment of the coking and methanol integration project of a gas company, as well as the comprehensive evaluation on the degree of health impact, the effect of engineering protection measures and the management situation, etc. Put forward practical, reasonable and feasible measures to control occupational disease hazards, ensure that the concentration of occupational disease hazards in the production environment is within the scope of national standards, and control occupational disease hazards from the source of production. To protect the health of operators and related rights and interests, to promote the economic development of enterprises. At the same time, to make objective, real evaluation conclusions. It provides a scientific and technical basis for the acceptance of project protection facilities and the daily management of occupational disease prevention and control in enterprises. According to the regulations of "Standard for Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation of Construction Project" and "Technical guideline for evaluating the effect of Occupational Disease Hazard Control in Construction Project", the whole process of production process is understood by reading material method and field investigation method. Using the engineering analysis method to identify the occupational hazards in the production and working environment of the project; The concentration or intensity of occupational hazard factors in normal production and working environment were detected by fixed-point sampling method and individual sampling method. To investigate the engineering protection facilities and sanitary management by means of inspection form and field investigation. The comprehensive analysis method is used to analyze and evaluate the degree and control effect of occupational disease hazard factors in the production environment of the project from multi-level, multi-way and multi-direction comprehensive analysis and evaluation. Therefore, reasonable and feasible countermeasures and suggestions for controlling occupational disease hazard factors are put forward. 1) the main occupational hazard factors in the normal production and working environment of the coking and methanol integration project of a gas company are carbon monoxide, methanol, benzene, noise and so on. 18 occupational hazard factors, such as benzene series (benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, phenol, naphthalene) sulfide (carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) were detected in the production environment. The concentration or strength of nitrogen oxides (nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide), strong acids and bases (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) and ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, manganese and their compounds are controlled within the national standard; The concentration or intensity of dust, carbon monoxide, coke oven emission, methanol, noise, high temperature and so on are higher than the national standard, especially the coke oven emission is the important hazard factor of the project. 3) the main hidden trouble of occupational disease hazard factors is that the engineering protective facilities and management measures are not fully in line with the national requirements. The coking methanol integration project belongs to the construction project of serious occupational disease hazard; In the daily management of enterprises, we should pay attention to the control of six kinds of occupational disease hazard factors, such as dust, carbon monoxide, coke oven emission, methanol, noise, high temperature and so on. To carry on the key health supervision and strengthen the personal protection to the post workers who are exposed to the occupational disease hazard factor exceeding the standard; The engineering measures and management measures for 6 kinds of occupational disease hazards such as dust, carbon monoxide, coke oven emission, methanol, noise and high temperature should be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R13

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