本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大學生 膳食調(diào)查 營養(yǎng)狀況　出處：《青島大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的了解大學生的膳食狀況及其影響因素,為提高學生營養(yǎng)水平,增進學生體質(zhì)與健康提供科學依據(jù)。 方法采用橫斷面設(shè)計方法,調(diào)查在校學生,問卷為自行設(shè)計,對甲學院和乙學院各專業(yè)共260名學生,進行營養(yǎng)知識、營養(yǎng)態(tài)度及飲食行為調(diào)查,計算營養(yǎng)知識知曉率,評價學生現(xiàn)時營養(yǎng)狀況；營養(yǎng)調(diào)查評價采用記帳法對兩所高校食堂進行膳食結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)查,統(tǒng)計2011年12月份食堂消耗的各類食品及重量,計算兩高校大學生平均每人每日各種食物消耗量和各類營養(yǎng)素攝入量,并與中國營養(yǎng)學會2000年修訂的《中國居民膳食營養(yǎng)素參考攝入量》(DRIs)及2007年修訂的《中國居民膳食寶塔》中每天各種食物的合理攝入范圍進行比較。 結(jié)果(1)濱州市大學生BMI分布基本正常。9.5%偏瘦,85.5%正常,5%超重。偏瘦的學生中,87%為女生。每月消費水平對大學生的BMI影響有統(tǒng)計學差異。(2)大學生營養(yǎng)知識較缺乏,存在不合理的飲食行為�；厥沼行柧�242份,10道營養(yǎng)知識題中答對率超過50%的只有4題。相當多的學生在飲食行為上存在一些問題,如按照口味而不是按營養(yǎng)需要選擇食物,不能堅持吃早餐、不常飲奶,不常吃水果等。在營養(yǎng)學問題知曉、營養(yǎng)知識獲取、運用、早餐及一日三餐等方面女生的營養(yǎng)知識得分率、營養(yǎng)態(tài)度、飲食行為優(yōu)于男生,醫(yī)學院校學生優(yōu)于綜合院校學生,均有統(tǒng)計學差異,P0.05。(3)濱州市兩高校食堂膳食以谷類及其制品為主,蔬菜、豆及豆制品、水產(chǎn)品的攝入量偏少,水果、奶及奶制品的攝入量明顯不足。各種營養(yǎng)素的攝入量：鈉、維生素E達推薦攝入量,熱量、蛋白質(zhì)、碳水化合物、硫胺素、鐵攝入基本充足,而維生素A、核黃素、鈣嚴重缺乏。學生三餐熱能分配早餐略低,晚餐略高。 結(jié)論濱州市兩高校大學生營養(yǎng)知識不夠豐富,膳食結(jié)構(gòu)不夠合理,但營養(yǎng)態(tài)度良好。與營養(yǎng)素推薦攝入量比較,大多數(shù)營養(yǎng)素攝入量偏低。應(yīng)普及營養(yǎng)學知識,科學指導(dǎo)學生飲食,改進膳食結(jié)構(gòu),以提高大學生整體素質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the dietary status of college students and its influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for improving students' nutritional level and improving students' physique and health. Methods A cross-sectional design method was used to investigate the students. The questionnaire was designed by ourselves to investigate the nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude and dietary behavior of 260 students from each major in College A and College B. The knowledge rate of nutrition knowledge was calculated and the current nutritional status of students was evaluated. In December 2011, the food consumption and weight of the canteen in the two colleges and universities were counted according to the dietary structure of the two university canteens. The average daily food consumption and nutrient intake of the two college students were calculated. And the reference intake of dietary nutrients of Chinese residents revised by the Chinese Nutrition Society in 2000. The reasonable range of daily food intake in Chinese Dietary Pagoda revised in 2007 was compared. Results (1) the distribution of BMI in students of Binzhou was normal. 85.5% of them were normal and 5% were overweight. 87% is female. The influence of monthly consumption level on BMI of college students is statistically different. 2) the nutritional knowledge of college students is lack and unreasonable eating behavior exists. 242effective questionnaires were collected. Of the 10 nutritional knowledge questions, only 4 had the correct answer rate of more than 50%. Quite a number of students had some problems in their eating behavior, such as choosing food according to taste rather than nutritional needs, and could not insist on eating breakfast. In nutrition knowledge, nutrition knowledge acquisition, use, breakfast and three meals a day, girls' nutritional knowledge score rate, nutrition attitude, eating behavior is better than boys. Medical college students are better than comprehensive college students, there are statistical differences (P0.05.93) Binzhou two colleges and universities dining hall meals are mainly cereals and their products, vegetables, beans and soybean products. Intake of aquatic products is low, and intake of fruits, milk and dairy products is obviously insufficient. Intake of various nutrients: sodium, vitamin E to recommended intake, calories, proteins, carbohydrates, thiamine. Iron intake is basically adequate, while vitamin A, riboflavin and calcium are severely deficient. Conclusion the nutritional knowledge and dietary structure of the college students in Binzhou City are not rich enough, but the nutritional attitude is good, which is compared with the recommended intake of nutrients. The majority of nutrient intake is on the low side. It is necessary to popularize the knowledge of nutrition, guide students' diet scientifically and improve their dietary structure in order to improve the overall quality of college students.
【學位授予單位】：青島大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R151

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