本文關(guān)鍵詞：木質(zhì)家具制造業(yè)甲醛危害現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查及防護對策研究　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，，木質(zhì)家具制造行業(yè)的發(fā)展也很迅速。但我國當前的木質(zhì)家具制造企業(yè)大多數(shù)為中小企業(yè)，規(guī)模偏小，生產(chǎn)工藝水平較低，職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理薄弱，職業(yè)病防護設(shè)施不完善，作業(yè)場所存在木粉塵、甲醛、苯、振動、噪聲等多種職業(yè)病危害因素，職工健康狀況令人擔憂。 本課題研究的目的是了解木質(zhì)家具制造行業(yè)職業(yè)病危害防治現(xiàn)狀，研究家具制造過程中廣泛存在的甲醛對作業(yè)工人健康的影響，初步形成甲醛危害的防護對策。為此選取了山東省的20家木質(zhì)家具制造企業(yè)，采用問卷調(diào)查、查閱資料、座談詢問、現(xiàn)場檢測相結(jié)合的方法，了解企業(yè)職業(yè)病危害現(xiàn)狀、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理和職工健康監(jiān)護情況。對甲醛危害的研究采用職業(yè)衛(wèi)生檢測技術(shù)，獲取不同暴露工人甲醛接觸水平，并通過甲醛作業(yè)工人職業(yè)衛(wèi)生學調(diào)查及相應(yīng)的職業(yè)健康體檢，獲取工人健康狀況基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)；采用胞質(zhì)分裂阻滯微核實驗對不同暴露甲醛水平的作業(yè)工人進行細胞遺傳毒性效應(yīng)研究。 通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，木板廠車間空氣中甲醛濃度明顯高于對照工廠，木板廠工人的班末尿中甲酸含量明顯高于對照廠工人，尿中甲酸含量可作為木質(zhì)家具制造工人暴露接觸的指標，可以此指標來綜合評價工人接觸甲醛狀況及其對機體的影響；甲醛高暴露組工人外周血淋巴細胞微核率與對照組相比顯著增高；且損害程度與之相應(yīng)增加，可以考慮其作為早期遺傳損傷的指標，這為評價長期接觸甲醛工人的健康狀況提供了依據(jù)。通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)木質(zhì)家具制造企業(yè)職業(yè)病防治情況不容樂觀，有的企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理機構(gòu)設(shè)置及檔案管理制度不全，職業(yè)病防治投入經(jīng)費不足，甲醛等有毒有害物質(zhì)超標嚴重，職工健康監(jiān)護缺項、漏項較多，企業(yè)重視程度有待提升，政府相關(guān)部門需要加強監(jiān)督與管理。在以上調(diào)查、研究、分析的基礎(chǔ)，初步提出了木質(zhì)家具制造企業(yè)甲醛危害防護對策。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the wood furniture manufacturing industry is developing very rapidly. However, most of the current wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in China are small, small scale, low level of production technology, weak occupational health management. The occupational disease protection facilities are not perfect, and there are many occupational hazards such as wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene, vibration, noise and so on. The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of occupational hazards prevention and control in wood furniture manufacturing industry, and to study the influence of formaldehyde, which is widely existing in furniture manufacturing, on the health of workers. For this reason, 20 wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Shandong Province were selected to adopt the methods of questionnaire survey, reference information, interview and on-site inspection. To understand the status quo of occupational disease hazards, occupational health management and health monitoring of workers in enterprises. Occupational health detection technology was used to study the formaldehyde hazards of workers exposed to different levels of formaldehyde exposure. The basic data of workers' health status were obtained through the investigation of occupational hygiene of workers exposed to formaldehyde and the corresponding occupational health examination. Cytotoxic effects of workers exposed to formaldehyde were studied by cytokine-blocking micronucleus assay. The results showed that the formaldehyde concentration in the air of the plank factory was significantly higher than that in the control plant, and the formic acid content in the end-shift urine of the plank factory workers was significantly higher than that of the control factory workers. The content of formic acid in urine can be used as an index of exposure to formaldehyde in wood furniture manufacturing workers, and it can be used to evaluate comprehensively the exposure of workers to formaldehyde and its effect on the body. The micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The degree of damage increases accordingly, which can be considered as an index of early genetic damage. This provides a basis for evaluating the health status of workers exposed to formaldehyde for a long time. Through the investigation, it is found that the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises is not optimistic. Some enterprises occupational health management institutions and file management system is not complete, occupational disease prevention and control of inadequate investment funds, formaldehyde and other toxic and harmful substances in serious excess of standards, lack of staff health monitoring, more missing items. Enterprises need to improve the degree of attention, government departments need to strengthen supervision and management. On the basis of above investigation, research and analysis, the countermeasures of formaldehyde hazard protection in wood-furniture manufacturing enterprises are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R136

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