本文關(guān)鍵詞：電焊工的工作生命質(zhì)量及其影響因素　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 電焊工 工作生命質(zhì)量 影響因素 SF-36量表

【摘要】：[研究背景] 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,電焊作業(yè)作為制造、加工必不可缺的一個(gè)金屬加工工藝,主要涉及石油化工、電力、航空航天、海洋工程、核動(dòng)力工程、微電子技術(shù)、橋梁、船舶以及各類金屬結(jié)構(gòu)等,幾乎遍及到各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。同時(shí),電焊工的數(shù)量也在急劇上升。沒有現(xiàn)代焊接技術(shù)的發(fā)展,就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的今天,焊接技術(shù)的發(fā)展水平是衡量一個(gè)國家科學(xué)技術(shù)先進(jìn)程度的重要標(biāo)志之一。 以上海市寶山區(qū)為例,作為上海市的工業(yè)大區(qū)之一,寶山區(qū)內(nèi)制造業(yè)企業(yè)眾多,集裝箱制造業(yè)3家、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制造業(yè)20家,全區(qū)焊工從業(yè)者大約2000人左右。 然而再好的技術(shù)也存在弊端,由于受高溫及焊條藥皮成分的影響,電焊作業(yè)時(shí)往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生眾多職業(yè)病危害因素,例如電焊煙塵、重金屬煙塵、有毒氣體、電焊弧光、噪聲等,會(huì)對工人產(chǎn)生不利影響,甚至導(dǎo)致職業(yè)病的發(fā)生。 自1999年至2009年,寶山區(qū)電焊工塵肺發(fā)病人數(shù)達(dá)41例,僅次于矽肺(47例)的發(fā)病人數(shù)。這些電焊工大部分屬于外來務(wù)工人員,迫于生活壓力,承受著較強(qiáng)的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,而且在作業(yè)時(shí)工人往往暴露于電焊煙塵、有害氣體、電焊弧光、噪聲、重金屬等職業(yè)病危害因素中,如果防護(hù)不當(dāng),可能引起電焊工塵肺、職業(yè)中毒、電光性眼炎、聽力損傷等職業(yè)病,而且不良的職業(yè)環(huán)境還會(huì)影響人的心理,進(jìn)而降低生命質(zhì)量和工作效率。職業(yè)危害事關(guān)勞動(dòng)者身體健康和生命安全,事關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的大局。電焊工人群的健康狀況和生命質(zhì)量應(yīng)該得到社會(huì)關(guān)注。 健康狀況調(diào)查問卷(SF-36)是國際上最為常用的生命質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測量工具之一,包括軀體功能、軀體角色、機(jī)體疼痛、總的健康狀況、活力、社會(huì)功能、情緒角色和心理衛(wèi)生8個(gè)領(lǐng)域。劉朝杰等研究表明,SF-36在中國人群中的信度和效度是可以接受的,作為一種普適性生命質(zhì)量評價(jià)工具,在醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,可以用于比較不同人群的健康狀態(tài),評價(jià)各種干預(yù)措施的產(chǎn)出,也可以用于評價(jià)健康危險(xiǎn)因素,為制定干預(yù)措施提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。目前該量表已經(jīng)在多地區(qū)、多種人群得到應(yīng)用。但在粉塵職業(yè)危害領(lǐng)域主要見于對煤礦工人和塵肺病人生命質(zhì)量的評估,在對電焊工人群中的運(yùn)用尚未見報(bào)道。 本次研究應(yīng)用SF-36量表對電焊工人的工作生命質(zhì)量(以下簡稱生命質(zhì)量)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,以了解電焊工人的生命質(zhì)量狀況及影響因素,為保障電焊工人身心健康,提高生命質(zhì)量提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 [目的] 通過本項(xiàng)目研究,了解電焊工人群體的生命質(zhì)量狀況,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響電焊工人群生命質(zhì)量的主要因素,為保障電焊工人群身心健康,提高生命質(zhì)量提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 [方法] 在上海市寶山區(qū)2個(gè)集裝箱制造公司、3家鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制造公司隨機(jī)抽取300名焊工(男性,非塵肺病患者)作為焊工組；在該區(qū)其他幾家工廠企業(yè)中隨機(jī)抽取300名非從事電焊崗位的男性生產(chǎn)工人作為對照組。 調(diào)查人員發(fā)放SF-36健康狀況調(diào)查問卷,并進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場指導(dǎo),被調(diào)查者自行完成填寫,完成后調(diào)查員當(dāng)場檢查,及時(shí)修改完善,避免漏項(xiàng),確認(rèn)資料合格。 應(yīng)用相關(guān)分析以及多元協(xié)方差分析等,來推斷寶山區(qū)電焊工生命質(zhì)量及其影響因素。 [結(jié)果] 1.一般情況 電焊工組總計(jì)301人,年齡為32.90±8.54歲；對照組總計(jì)305人,年齡為34.27±10.03歲,電焊工組與對照組在年齡上無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05)。電焊工組的BMI指數(shù)為22.5±2.9,對照組的BMI指數(shù)為22.9±2.8,兩組無差異(P0.05)。電焊組在體重上較對照組偏輕,電焊工組體重為65.2±9.1公斤,對照組體重為67.5±9.8公斤(P0.01)；在文化程度上,電焊工組初中學(xué)歷較對照組多,高中及以上學(xué)歷前者較少,電焊工組初中學(xué)歷有214人(71.1%),高中及以上的有72人(23.9%),對照組中初中的有120人(39.3%),高中及以上的有179人(58.7%)(P0.01)；在月收入上,電焊工組較對照組高(P0.01)；在子女?dāng)?shù)量上,電焊工組較多(P0.01)；在體育鍛煉上,電焊工組參與鍛煉的情況較差,從不進(jìn)行體育鍛煉者有143人(47.5%),每周1-2次者有134人(44.5%),每周3次及以上者有24人(8.0%),同比對照組從不體育鍛煉情況者有102人(33.4%),每周1-2次者有170人(55.7%),每周3次及以上者有33人(10.8%)(P0.01)；在有無呼吸道癥狀上,電焊工組明顯發(fā)生頻率更高,偶有咳嗽癥狀者有138人(45.8%),經(jīng)常有咳嗽癥狀者有21人(4.0%),同比對照組偶有咳嗽癥狀者有116人(38.0%),經(jīng)常有咳嗽癥狀者有9人(3.0%)(P0.01)；在有無頭暈癥狀上及有無腰背痛癥狀上,同樣電焊工組發(fā)生率較對照組來得更高(P0.01)。 在年齡、BMI指數(shù)、婚姻狀況、吸煙狀況、飲酒狀況、最近10年內(nèi)家庭是否發(fā)生重大事件、有無頭痛、有無失眠、有無頸部不適上,兩組差異不具統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 2.生命質(zhì)量維度得分比較 電焊工組在所有維度的得分均較對照組偏低,在生理職能、軀體疼痛、總體健康、活力、社會(huì)功能、精神健康6個(gè)維度得分較低具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(總體健康維度P0.05,其余5各維度P0.01)。生理功能、情感職能維度,兩組工人得分差異不具統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 3.簡單相關(guān)分析 電焊工的年齡與其生理職能**、軀體疼痛*、生理功能維度得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)**；戶籍與生理職能**、軀體疼痛**、生理功能**維度得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)；文化程度與軀體疼痛**、生理功能*維度得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)；月收入與生理職能**、軀體疼痛*、總體健康**、活力*、社會(huì)功能*、情感職能**、精神健康**維度得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)；婚姻狀況與生理職能**、軀體疼痛*、生理功能**維度得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)；子女?dāng)?shù)量與生理職能**、社會(huì)功能**維度得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)；吸煙與精神健康*維度得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)；飲酒與所有維度得分影響均無顯著性；10年內(nèi)有無重大事件對生理職能、軀體疼痛、總體健康維度影響無顯著性,其余維度得分均有顯著影響；體育鍛煉除對總體健康、社會(huì)功能維度得分無影響,對其余維度得分外影響均有顯著性；睡眠時(shí)間、咳嗽、頭痛、頭暈、失眠、頸部不適、腰背痛對所有維度影響均有統(tǒng)計(jì)顯著性。(*P0.05,**P0.01) 4.單因素方差分析 電焊工中,手工電弧焊、氣保焊、氬弧焊、其他焊作業(yè)工人生命質(zhì)量各維度得分無顯著性差異；工作場所安裝局部吸風(fēng)除塵裝置的電焊工生理功能**、軀體疼痛*、活力**、精神健康**維度評分比未安裝局部吸風(fēng)除塵裝置的電焊工高,顯示局部吸風(fēng)除塵裝置的設(shè)置對于促進(jìn)生理健康以及心理健康的積極意義；佩戴防塵口罩的電焊工較未佩戴者生理功能*得分更高；經(jīng)常參加體育鍛煉的電焊工活力*得分更高；睡眠充分的電焊工生理功能*、軀體疼痛*、活力**、社會(huì)功能**、精神健康**得分更高。(*P0.05,**P0.01) 5.多元協(xié)方差分析 電焊工中,文化程度對情感職能*影響具有顯著性,初中文化的得分大于高中及以上,其中小學(xué)生命質(zhì)量得分最低；月收入對社會(huì)功能*和生理職能**兩個(gè)維度影響具有顯著性,月收入越高,生理職能得分越低,3000-4000元者社會(huì)功能得分最低；工齡越高,生理功能**、生理職能*、總體健康*、情感職能*維度得分越低；最近10年內(nèi)家庭沒有重大事件者生理職能**、軀體疼痛**、情感職能*維度得分較高；有呼吸道癥狀者,生理機(jī)能*、生理職能**、軀體疼痛*、社會(huì)功能*、情感職能**維度得分較低。(*P0.05,**P0.01) [結(jié)論] 1.電焊工人較對照組工人生命質(zhì)量水平低,主要體現(xiàn)在生理機(jī)能、生理職能、總體健康、活力、社會(huì)功能、精神健康6個(gè)維度得分上。手工電弧焊、氣保焊、氬弧焊、其他焊四個(gè)不同電焊工種生命質(zhì)量得分差異不具統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 2.工作場所安裝有局部吸風(fēng)除塵裝置的電焊工在生理功能、軀體疼痛、活力、精神健康4個(gè)維度得分比未安裝局部吸風(fēng)除塵裝置的電焊工更高,在電焊作業(yè)場所設(shè)置吸風(fēng)除塵裝置十分的必要,且值得推廣。電焊作業(yè)時(shí)佩戴防塵口罩的電焊工在生理功能維度得分更高,提示有必要對工人開展個(gè)人防護(hù)知識(shí)的相關(guān)培訓(xùn),并加強(qiáng)對工人佩戴相關(guān)防護(hù)用品的監(jiān)督管理。 3.月收入越高的電焊工生命質(zhì)量得分越低,這可能與收入越高,勞動(dòng)付出越多有關(guān)。電焊工人工齡越大,生理職能、生理功能、總體健康、情感職能4個(gè)維度得分越低,人的生命質(zhì)量水平越低下。最近10年發(fā)生重大生活事件者生理職能、軀體疼痛、情感職能維度得分較低,生命質(zhì)量水平較低。有呼吸道癥狀者生理職能、生理功能、軀體疼痛、社會(huì)功能、情感職能維度得分較低。有呼吸道癥狀者不宜從事電焊行業(yè)。充足的睡眠有助于提高生命質(zhì)量水平。
[Abstract]:[research background]
With the rapid development of social economy, the welding work as an indispensable processing manufacturing, metal processing technology, mainly involving petrochemical, electric power, aerospace, marine engineering, nuclear power engineering, microelectronics, bridge, ship and all kinds of metal structure, almost throughout the various industrial fields. At the same time, the number of welders in the sharp rise. Without the development of modern welding technology, there would be no modern industry and science and technology today, the level of development of welding technology is one of the important mark to measure a national science and technology advanced degrees.
Take Baoshan District of Shanghai as an example, as one of the industrial zones in Shanghai, there are many manufacturing enterprises in Baoshan District, including 3 container manufacturing enterprises, 20 steel structure manufacturing enterprises, and 2000 welders in the region.
However, again good technology also has drawbacks, due to high temperature and coating composition, welding operations tend to produce many occupation hazards such as heavy metals, welding fumes, smoke, toxic gases, welding arc, noise and so on, will have an adverse impact on workers, and even lead to the occurrence of occupation disease.
From 1999 to 2009, Baoshan District issued the number of patients of welder pneumoconiosis in 41 cases after silicosis (47 cases). The incidence of these welders mostly migrant workers, forced by the pressure of life, under a strong labor intensity, and workers in the operation are exposed to welding fumes, harmful gas, welding arc, noise, occupation hazards such as heavy metals, if inappropriate protection may cause welders' pneumoconiosis, occupation poisoning, ophthalmia, hearing injury and occupation disease, bad environment occupation also affect people's psychology, thus reducing the quality of life and work efficiency. Occupation hazards related to worker health and safety, is related to economic development and social stability. Welders of the health conditions and quality of life should be a social concern.
Health status questionnaire (SF-36) is one of the most commonly used standard measurement tools for quality of life, including physical function, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, 8 areas of role emotional and mental health. The research shows that Liu Zhaojie, the reliability and validity of SF-36 in Chinese population in is acceptable, as a universal tool for the evaluation of quality of life, has a broad application prospect in the field of medicine, can be used to compare different groups of health status, evaluation of the various interventions output, can also be used to assess the health risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence for the intervention measures the amount. The table has been in many areas, many people applied. But in the dust hazard mainly in the field of occupation evaluation on quality of life of coal miners and pneumoconiosis patients, in use for electric welding workers in the group is No report has been reported.
In this study, SF-36 scale was applied to investigate the work life quality of welding workers (hereinafter referred to as life quality), so as to understand the quality of life and influencing factors of welding workers, so as to provide scientific basis for ensuring the physical and mental health of welding workers and improving their quality of life.
[Objective]
Through this project, to understand the quality of life of welding worker groups, found the main factors influencing the quality of life of welders crowd, to protect the health of welders, to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of life.
[method]
In the city of Shanghai Baoshan District 2 container manufacturing company, 3 steel structure manufacturing companies were randomly selected 300 welders (male, non pneumoconiosis) as a welder group; in the area of several other factories and enterprises in a random sample of 300 non production workers engaged in the welding position of men as control group.
The investigators issued the SF-36 health status questionnaire and conducted on-site guidance. The respondents completed their own filling. After completion, the investigators checked on the spot, and promptly revised and perfected, avoiding missing items, confirming that the data were qualified.
Application of correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance, to infer the quality of life and influencing factors of Baoshan District welders.
[results]
1. general situation
鐢電剨宸ョ粍鎬昏301浜，

本文編號(hào)：1423578