本文關(guān)鍵詞：陜西省城鎮(zhèn)居民食物支出與營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化分析　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 食物消費 營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu) 彈性分析 AIDS模型

【摘要】：居民的食品消費和營養(yǎng)狀況，不僅同整個國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、科學(xué)文化進步、資源開發(fā)利用等密切相關(guān)，而且還是衡量人民生活水平和身體健康素質(zhì)的重要標(biāo)志。但是，無論是發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家都存在著食品消費的不合理問題，由此導(dǎo)致的營養(yǎng)失衡、產(chǎn)銷失衡、資源浪費甚至資源短缺等一系列問題日益突出。自改革開放以來，陜西省居民的生活水平得到了很大的提高，飲食結(jié)構(gòu)也相應(yīng)發(fā)生變化，居民的營養(yǎng)狀況變遷正經(jīng)歷從低脂肪、低蛋白、低熱量、高碳水化合物向高脂肪、高能量密度、低膳食纖維的方向轉(zhuǎn)變，由此產(chǎn)生一系列與營養(yǎng)相關(guān)的非傳染性疾病的蔓延。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，居民對于各類食物的消費量會隨著收入的增加以及食物價格的變化而調(diào)整，因此本文主要從收入和價格的角度來研究居民營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)變化的特征。 本文從陜西省城鎮(zhèn)居民食物消費結(jié)構(gòu)與營養(yǎng)水平的變遷入手，運用AIDS模型對陜西省城鎮(zhèn)居民食品消費進行了研究，重點分析了不同收入層次居民食物消費的需求收入彈性和需求自價格彈性的變化特征，在此基礎(chǔ)上，進一步研究了熱量、蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪這三種營養(yǎng)素的需求彈性特征，從彈性角度分析了收入和價格因素對主要營養(yǎng)素攝入的影響。 對居民食物消費與營養(yǎng)水平變遷的分析結(jié)果表明：陜西省城鎮(zhèn)居民不同收入群體的食物消費結(jié)構(gòu)與營養(yǎng)攝入水平都得到了很大改善，低收入群體的熱量攝入持續(xù)增加，高收入群體的熱量攝入已趨于穩(wěn)定；低收入居民營養(yǎng)素攝入的植物性食物來源比重過高，總體來說，隨著收入的提高和時間的推移，，陜西省居民營養(yǎng)素攝入與供能比逐漸趨于合理，但是與國家的膳食營養(yǎng)目標(biāo)相比仍有較大差距，且低收入組居民為滿足營養(yǎng)的攝入所支付的價格上漲幅度超過其他收入組，為維持生活所遭受的損失更多。 對于居民食物消費的AIDS模型估計結(jié)果的分析表明：居民對于多數(shù)食物的消費缺乏收入彈性，但是禽類、水果和奶類食物的消費受到收入的影響較大；低收入居民糧食消費的收入彈性要大于高收入組，隨著時間的推移，收入的影響都會降低；肉類和蔬菜在低收入居民食物消費中的地位越來越重要，受到收入的影響也在增大，而較高收入層次的居民這兩類食物的消費對于收入的變化已經(jīng)不敏感。居民對大多數(shù)食物價格的變化反應(yīng)不敏感，其中只有奶類消費的價格彈性系數(shù)絕對值大于1。 對居民營養(yǎng)攝入的需求彈性分析結(jié)果表明:收入因素會對不同收入層次居民的營養(yǎng)攝入產(chǎn)生具有較大差異的影響，對低收入居民熱量的攝入影響較小，但比較穩(wěn)定，對較高收入群體的熱量攝入產(chǎn)生的影響在初期較大，但隨著時間的推移，該影響逐漸變小，并小于其對低收入群體熱量攝入的影響；收入對蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪的影響規(guī)律基本與此一致。在價格因素當(dāng)中，糧食、肉類和蔬菜的價格變化對居民該類食物消費產(chǎn)生的影響較大，其中糧食價格會對低收入群體的熱量攝入產(chǎn)生較大的負(fù)向影響，不同收入組居民脂肪攝入對肉類價格的變化反應(yīng)敏感程度逐漸降低。 針對以上研究結(jié)果，本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)該采取一定的經(jīng)濟干預(yù)措施來改善居民的食物消費與營養(yǎng)水平，通過加強最低生活保障和增加就業(yè)的方式提高居民收入水平，發(fā)揮收入在改善居民營養(yǎng)過程中的作用；同時應(yīng)該對物價進行控制，尤其是要穩(wěn)定食物價格，減少價格波動對居民營養(yǎng)攝入的負(fù)向影響；此外還應(yīng)該著重加強對居民食物營養(yǎng)觀念的引導(dǎo)，促使其形成健康合理的飲食習(xí)慣，促進居民營養(yǎng)水平的改善。
[Abstract]:Residents' food consumption and nutrition, not only with the national or regional economic construction, scientific and cultural progress, development and utilization of resources are closely related, but also an important symbol to measure the level of people's life and health quality. However, whether it is the unreasonable problem of developed and developing countries are food consumption, nutritional imbalance. The resulting imbalance between production and marketing, a series of problems such as shortage of resources and waste of resources has become increasingly prominent. Since the reform and opening up, Shaanxi province residents living standard has been greatly improved, the diet structure corresponding to changes in the nutritional status of the residents is experiencing changes from low fat, low protein, low calorie, high carbohydrate to fat change, high energy density, low dietary fiber, resulting in a series of nutrition related non communicable diseases spread. According to the experience of residents The consumption of all kinds of food will be adjusted with the increase of income and the change of food price. Therefore, this paper will study the characteristics of the change of residents' nutrition structure from the perspective of income and price.
From the change of food consumption structure of urban residents in Shaanxi province and the nutrition level of the use of AIDS model to study urban residents' food consumption in Shaanxi Province, analyzes the variation characteristics of different income levels of residents' food consumption demand and income elasticity of demand price elasticity, on this basis, further study of the heat, the elasticity of demand the characteristics of protein and fat three nutrients that, from the point of view of the influence of income elasticity and price factors of main nutritional intake.
The analysis results of residents' food consumption and nutrition level changes of urban residents in Shaanxi province showed that the structure of food consumption and nutrition intake of different income groups have been greatly improved, the low income group calorie intake increased continuously, high income groups have stabilized calorie intake; high proportion of plant food sources of low income residents the intake of nutrients in general, with the increase of income and time, the residents of Shaanxi province the intake of nutrients and energy supply ratio tends to be reasonable, but there is still a large gap compared with the dietary nutrition of the target country, and low income group residents to meet the nutritional intake of other income groups rose by more than the price paid. In order to maintain life suffered more losses.
For the analysis of estimation results of AIDS model showed that the residents' food consumption and food consumption for most residents lack of income elasticity, but the poultry, fruit and dairy food consumption by the larger impact of income; the income elasticity of food consumption of low-income residents than the high income group, with the passage of time, the impact of income will be reduced meat and vegetables; in low income residents is becoming more and more important in the food consumption, by the impact of income has also increased, but the higher income levels of residents of these two types of food consumption to income changes is not sensitive. The residents of most of the changes in food price insensitive, the price elasticity coefficient of the milk consumption only the absolute value is greater than 1.
According to demand elasticity analysis results of nutrient intake: residents income factors of residents of different income levels affect nutritional intake with different intake of low income residents, the heat effect is smaller, but more stable, higher income groups calorie intake affects produced early in the larger, but with the passage of time, this effect becomes smaller, and less than its effect on the heat intake of low income groups; influence of income on protein and fat basically agree with this. In food price factors, changes in the price of meat and vegetables, has great influence on the residents of the food consumption, the grain price to low-income groups calorie intake have a greater negative impact, different income groups of dietary fat intake changes on the meat price sensitive degree decreased gradually.
According to the above results, we should take some measures to improve the economic intervention of food consumption and nutrition level of residents, improving the income level of residents by strengthening the minimum living guarantee and increase employment, income play in improving residents' nutrition in the process of the use; at the same time should be to control prices, especially to stabilize food prices reduce the price fluctuation of residents, nutritional intake negative impact; also should focus on the strengthening of the guidance of the concept of food and nutrition of residents, to promote the formation of healthy eating habits, promote nutrition improvement.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R151;F126.1

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本文編號：1421824