本文關鍵詞：立位攝片時防護屏防護效果研究　出處：《蘇州大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 立位防護屏 立位攝片 劑量 防護效果

【摘要】：目的:研究立位攝片時使用立位防護屏的防護效果比較立位防護屏與X射線鉛橡膠性腺防護圍裙防護效果的差異研究立位防護屏對攝片工作效率的影響方法:1.體模攝片實驗中模擬DR立位攝片時進行防護干預,未使用立位防護屏防護為對照組,使用立位防護屏防護為實驗組,在攝片不同條件(90kV、500mA、63ms;86kV、500mA、50ms;78kV、500mA、32ms),通過束光器調(diào)整照射野,防護屏距DR平板不同的距離(0m.0.5m.1m)不同條件下曝光時,使用Barracuda劑量檢測儀測量體模性腺部受到的X射線劑量值,比較不同防護距離和不同曝光條件下防護干預效果的差異。2.受檢者攝片實驗中選取立位攝片胸部前后位受檢者進行實驗,通過使用熱釋光劑量計分組進行立位防護屏防護與鉛橡膠性腺防護圍裙(簡稱鉛圍裙)防護的X射線劑量檢測。選取肋骨檢查受檢者58人,分為A,B兩組,每組29人,A組使用鉛圍裙進行防護,B組使用立位防護屏緊貼受檢者進行防護。使用熱釋光劑量計分別夾在鉛圍裙和立位防護屏鉛簾的受檢者側(cè)性腺部,攝片體位均為胸部前后位,DR攝片條件固定(76kV、500m A、32ms)。同共計曝光58次,檢測記錄熱釋光劑量計的劑量數(shù)值。3.效率研究中,使用秒表測量立位防護屏防護方式與使用鉛帽、鉛圍裙防護方式工作效率的差異。選取男性受檢者40名分成C、D兩組,C組使用鉛帽、鉛圍裙。D組使用立位防護屏。女性受檢者40名分成E、F兩組,E組使用鉛帽、鉛圍裙,F組使用立位防護屏。4.實驗統(tǒng)計學處理,體模實驗與臨床驗證數(shù)據(jù)均采用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,組間分析采用單因素方差分析,設定P0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,受檢者臨床驗證分析采用兩獨立樣本的均數(shù)比較(t檢驗),所用統(tǒng)計軟件均為SPSS 19.0。結(jié)果:體模實驗組實驗中,使用立位防護屏距體模不同距離進行防護干預,認為在立位防護屏距體模距離小于5cm時此防護措施為接觸屏蔽,距體模距離大于10cm時,依靠防護屏的投射陰影防護X射線的措施為陰影屏蔽,實驗組測得接觸屏蔽劑量值在不同條件不同距離條件下均小于陰影屏蔽劑量值。體模對照組實驗中,由于對體模不作任何防護,只將DR束光器照射野調(diào)整至胸片架面積大小,對照組劑量值隨曝光條件的增大而增大。在立位防護屏緊貼體模防護的條件下,與無防護措施的對照組相比,78kV、86kV、90kV三組劑量分別下降100%、99.4%、98.5%,實驗組對照組組間方差P0.05。說明在不同曝光參數(shù)和防護屏距體模不同距離的條件下,不同組間的防護效果具有顯著的差異,接觸屏蔽效果大于陰影屏蔽效果。受檢者劑量驗證結(jié)果,使用SPSS19.0進行A、B組t檢驗結(jié)果:P=0.475,P0.05,說明對受檢者佩戴鉛圍裙與使用防護屏對性腺的防護效果相同。通過效率研究實驗,使用立位防護屏防護與使用鉛帽、鉛橡膠性腺防護圍裙防護的攝片工作效率相比,男性組攝片工作效率提高35.6%,女性組攝片效率提高32.7%。結(jié)論:立位防護屏防護效果有效,在低能X射線條件下,接觸屏蔽明顯大于陰影屏蔽的防護效果,立位防護屏防護效果優(yōu)于鉛防護圍裙,與傳統(tǒng)防護方法相比,使用立位防護屏防護的攝片時間可縮短至少30%以上。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the difference of vertical photo films to use vertical shield protection effect of standing shield and X ray lead rubber apron gonadal protective effect of orthostatic shield effect on radiography work efficiency simulation methods: standing in for photo protective intervention DR 1. phantom radiography experiments. Without the use of vertical shielding for the control group, the use of vertical shielding for the experimental group, in the film in different conditions (90kV, 500mA, 63ms; 86kV, 50ms; 500mA, 78kV, 500mA, 32ms), by adjusting the collimator irradiation distance protective screen DR tablet with distance (0m.0.5m.1m) under different conditions of exposure, X ray dose Barracuda dose measurement phantom by gonadal value, the difference of.2. protective intervention effect comparison of different protection distance and under different exposure conditions of the subjects in the experimental X-ray radiography before and after the selection of legislative subjects into a chest For the experiment, orthostatic shielding and lead rubber apron gonads by using thermoluminescent dosimeters (referred to as packet lead apron) X ray dose detection and protection. Examination subjects chose ribs 58 people, divided into A, B two groups, each group of 29 people, A group used lead apron protection, B group standing subjects close to the protective screen for protection. The use of thermoluminescent dosimeters are respectively clamped in a lead apron and standing shield lead curtain 1691 lateral radiography of postural gonad, chest anteroposterior radiography, DR (76kV, 500m fixed A, 32ms) with the total exposure. 58, the heat release of.3. detection and recording efficiency in numerical dose dosimeter, using a stopwatch measuring orthostatic shielding and the use of lead lead apron protection cap, differences in work efficiency. Select male subjects 40 into C, D two groups, C group use lead cap, lead apron.D group the use of standing shield. Female Of the 40 subjects were divided into E, F two groups, E group use lead cap, lead apron, group F used orthostatic shield.4. test statistics, phantom experiment and clinical data were verified by the mean and standard deviation (x + s) said that the group analysis using single factor analysis of variance. Set P0.05 to the difference was statistically significant, the subjects of clinical validation analysis using two independent sample mean comparison (t test), the statistical software is SPSS 19.0. results: the phantom in the experimental group, the use of vertical shield protection intervention in different distance from the phantom in orthostatic shield from the phantom distance is less than 5cm the protective measures for contact shielding, from the phantom distance is greater than 10cm, depending on the shadow X ray protective screen protective measures for shadow mask, the experimental group measured contact shielding dose value shadow shielding dose was less than in the different conditions and the different distance values under phantom. The control group in the experiment, because no protection of the phantom, only DR collimator irradiation to chest frame size, dose value increases with the increase of exposure conditions of control. In vertical shield tight fitted mode protection conditions, compared with the control group, no protective measures 78kV 86kV 90kV, three doses were decreased by 100%, 99.4%, 98.5%, the experimental group and the control group in the P0.05. variance between different exposure parameters and protective screen distance phantom in different distance conditions, with significant differences between different groups of the protective effect, contact shielding effect is greater than the shadow shielding effect. The dose verification results the use of SPSS19.0, A, B group t test results: P=0.475, P0.05, description of the subjects wearing a lead apron and use of shielding effect on gonad is the same. By studying the experiment efficiency, the use of vertical shielding and the lead lead rubber cap Apron protection gland radiography work efficiency compared to male group radiography work efficiency increased by 35.6%, the female group radiography efficiency 32.7%. conclusion: orthostatic shielding effect, in the low energy X ray shielding conditions, contact is significantly greater than the shadow shield protection effect, vertical shielding effect is superior to the lead apron, compared with the traditional protection methods, the use of vertical shielding film shooting time can be shortened by at least 30%.

【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R142

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