【摘要】：目的了解合肥某高校女大學生視力水平及其影響因素，，為開展大學生近視預防與干預提供依據(jù)。 方法采用方便抽樣的方法，以合肥市某高校護理系大一和大二全體女學生為調(diào)查對象整群抽樣，共527名。采用國際標準“E”字形的視力表，將視力表架放置于不會受到陽光干擾的檢查室內(nèi)，要求距離為5m，測試其裸眼視力及矯正視力。自行設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷，獲得調(diào)查對象的基本情況、家庭背景、用眼習慣、作息習慣、體育鍛煉情況、飲食行為習慣及父母視力狀況、作息習慣、家庭功能得分等方面資料。按家庭所在地、家庭收入水平、父母視力水平、父母文化程度和家庭功能等分組，采用卡方檢驗比較不同組間近視檢出率。采用多因素Logistic回歸分析女大學生視力的影響因素。 結(jié)果（1）本次調(diào)查的女大學生共計527名，平均年齡為(20.91±1.00)歲，其中年齡最小為18歲，年齡最大為24歲。527名調(diào)查對象中近視人數(shù)為504人，占95.6%。（2）女大學生近視的單因素分析，錯誤的握筆姿勢(χ2=6.614, P=0.037)、暗光閱讀（夜晚用燈習慣）(χ2=6.100, P=0.047)、課間休息時閉目養(yǎng)神或遠眺(χ2=22.742,P0.001)、在走路乘車時看書(χ2=8.102，P=0.017)等因素的不同組間女大學生視力水平的差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)。（3）多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示，錯誤的握筆姿勢(OR=2.608,95%CI:1.021-6.659)、課間玩手機(OR=4.000,95%CI:1.029-15.551)與女大學生近視風險增加有顯著關(guān)聯(lián)，課間閉目或遠眺(OR=13.968,95%CI:4.247-45.947)與女大學生近視風險減少有顯著關(guān)聯(lián)。 結(jié)論 高校女大學生近視檢出率高達95.6%，握筆姿勢、課間休息時閉目養(yǎng)神或遠眺及課間玩手機等為其視力主要影響因素，其中錯誤的握筆姿勢及課間玩手機是視力的危險因素，而課間閉目或遠眺是視力的保護因素。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the visual acuity of female college students in Hefei and its influencing factors so as to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of myopia among college students. Methods A group of 527 female freshmen and sophomores in nursing department of a university in Hefei were sampled by the convenient sampling method. Using the "E" glyph visual acuity chart of the international standard, the visual acuity meter frame is placed in the inspection room which will not be disturbed by the sun. The distance required is 5 m. The naked visual acuity and corrected visual acuity of the visual acuity are tested. The questionnaire was designed by ourselves to obtain the basic information of the subjects, family background, eye use habit, working habit, physical exercise, eating behavior habit, parents' eyesight, working habit, family function score and so on. According to the location of the family, the income level of the family, the vision level of the parents, the educational level of the parents and the family function, chi-square test was used to compare the detection rate of myopia among different groups. The influencing factors of visual acuity of female college students were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results (1) there were 527 female college students in this survey, the average age was (20.91 鹵1.00) years old, the youngest was 18 years old, and the maximum age was 24 years old. (2) single factor analysis of myopia of female college students, wrong pen holding posture (蠂 2 6.614, P = 0.037), dark light reading (night lamp habit) (蠂 2 + 6.100, P = 0.047), During recess, the eyes were closed or overlooking (蠂 ~ 2 / 22. 742 / P0.001), and a book was read while walking in a car (蠂 ~ 2 = 8.102, 蠂 ~ 2 = 8.102, P ~ (0.001). There was significant difference in visual acuity of female college students among different groups (P0.05). (3). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the wrong pen holding position (OR=2.608,95%CI:1.021-6.659). There was a significant correlation between OR=4.000,95%CI:1.029-15.551 and the increased risk of myopia of female college students, and between closed eyes or overlooking (OR=13.968,95%CI:4.247-45.947) was significantly associated with the reduction of the risk of myopia of female college students. Conclusion the detection rate of myopia of female college students is as high as 95.6. The main influencing factors are the position of holding a pen, keeping your eyes closed during recess or overlooking from afar and playing with mobile phone during class. The wrong pen-holding posture and cell phone play are the risk factors of vision, while closed eyes or overlooking between classes are the protective factors of vision.
【學位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R778.11

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