本文選題：近視 + 青少年��； 參考：《汕頭大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的 對(duì)汕頭市兩英鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)生的屈光狀態(tài)、用眼情況、父母的受教育程度及居住環(huán)境等進(jìn)行描述性分析,研究青少年近視相關(guān)因素,特別是人口密度和近視的關(guān)系,以更深入了解影響城市與農(nóng)村青少年近視患病率差異的原因。 方法 采用整群抽樣法抽取兩英鎮(zhèn)6所中學(xué)的所有一、二年級(jí)學(xué)生參加調(diào)查。調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括視力檢查和問卷調(diào)查。 視力檢查內(nèi)容包括遠(yuǎn)視力和散瞳驗(yàn)光。首先對(duì)所有受檢者進(jìn)行裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力檢查,隨機(jī)抽取50%雙眼視力6/12及一眼視力≤6/12的全部受檢者接受睫狀肌麻痹,并用電腦驗(yàn)光儀檢查屈光狀態(tài)以及由驗(yàn)光師檢查達(dá)到最佳矯正視力時(shí)的屈光度數(shù)。 問卷調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括受檢者基本情況、近距離工作(時(shí)間和距離)、戶外活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、父母親的情況以及居住環(huán)境情況。 最后,向當(dāng)?shù)卣私鈨捎㈡?zhèn)30個(gè)行政區(qū)域的面積、人口數(shù)量。所有數(shù)據(jù)輸入計(jì)算機(jī),使用SPSS軟件,用t檢驗(yàn)(連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù))、卡方檢驗(yàn)(分離數(shù)據(jù))和多元線性回歸方法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果 1. 5844名受檢者中4612名(78.9%)參加了視力檢查,其中2957名參加散瞳驗(yàn)光。散瞳驗(yàn)光的受檢者中2480名(83.9%)有問卷數(shù)據(jù)。 2. 2480名受檢者的平均年齡為13.7 1.1歲,其中男1092(44%)人,平均13.8 1.1歲;女1388(56%)人,平均13.6 1.0歲。男女性受檢者的平均年齡有顯著差異(P0.001)。 3.受檢者平均每周近距離工作的時(shí)間為38.3小時(shí),做作業(yè)、看課外書、看電視和玩電子游戲或電腦分別為11.9、6.7、14.1和5.6小時(shí),對(duì)應(yīng)的平均用眼距離分別為0.29、0.29、2.61和0.36米,調(diào)節(jié)強(qiáng)度(屈光度小時(shí))分別為46.7、25.5、6.9和17.1。平均每周戶外活動(dòng)的時(shí)間為5.6小時(shí)。 4.雙眼等效球鏡≤-2D的受檢者比一眼等效球鏡-2D的受檢者花更多時(shí)間在做作業(yè)(P=0.02)及看課外書(P=0.004)上,且距離更近(均為p=0.02),調(diào)節(jié)強(qiáng)度更大(分別為p=0.005和p0.001)。而兩組在看電視、玩電子游戲或電腦及戶外活動(dòng)方面則沒有顯著差別。 5.雙眼等效球鏡≤-2D的受檢者居住地區(qū)的人口密度明顯高于一眼等效球鏡-2D的受檢者(P0.001)。而兩組受檢者的父母的最高受教育程度(P=0.75)及發(fā)展分?jǐn)?shù)(P=0.13)沒有顯著差異。 6.多元回歸分析得出,等效球鏡值與年齡(P0.001)、調(diào)節(jié)強(qiáng)度(P=0.002)及人口密度(P=0.003)相關(guān),與性別、戶外活動(dòng)時(shí)間、父母受教育程度及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況不相關(guān)。 結(jié)論 年齡、近距離工作及人口密度均是近視的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,性別、父母受教育程度、戶外活動(dòng)時(shí)間及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況與近視不相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the related factors of juvenile myopia by descriptive analysis of refractive state, eye condition, education level of parents and living environment of middle school students in Liangying Town, Shantou City. Especially the relationship between population density and myopia in order to understand the causes of the difference of myopia prevalence between urban and rural adolescents. Methods all the freshmen and sophomores in 6 middle schools in Liangying Town were selected by cluster sampling. The survey included visual examination and questionnaire survey. Visual examination includes distant vision and mydriasis optometry. First of all, all the subjects were examined with naked far vision, and 50% of the subjects whose visual acuity was 6 / 12 or less than 6 / 12 were randomly selected to receive ciliary muscle paralysis. Computer optometry was used to check the refractive state and the number of refraction when optometrists examined the best corrected visual acuity. The contents of the questionnaire included the basic information of the subjects, the close working time and distance, the time of outdoor activities, the condition of parents and living environment. Finally, the local government to understand the area of 30 administrative areas of Liangying Town, population. All data were input into computer, SPSS software was used, t test (continuous data), chi-square test (separating data) and multivariate linear regression method were used for statistical analysis. Result 1. Of the 5844 subjects, 4612 (78.9%) participated in visual examination, 2957 of them participated in mydriasis optometry. 2480 (83.9%) of the subjects with mydriasis optometry had questionnaire data. The average age of 2480 subjects was 13.71 years old, including 1092 males (44%), with an average age of 13.81.1 years, and 1388 (56%) females, with an average age of 13.60 years. There was significant difference in average age between male and female subjects (P0.001). The average working time of the subjects was 38.3 hours per week. The average distance between eyes and eyes was 0.29, 0.292.61 and 0.36 meters, respectively, for doing homework, reading extracurricular books, watching TV and playing video games or playing computer, respectively, for 14.1 hours and 5.6 hours. The adjusting intensity (diopter hours) was 46.7v. 5N 6.9 and 17.1, respectively. The average outdoor activity per week was 5.6 hours. The subjects with binocular equivalent spherical mirror 鈮，

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