本文選題：人工耳蝸 + 聲調(diào)　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：聲調(diào)在漢語普通話系統(tǒng)中具有區(qū)別意義的重要功能。臨床發(fā)現(xiàn),人工耳蝸植入兒童普遍存在聲調(diào)異常現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重影響了其言語可懂度。本研究以2-4歲學(xué)齡前人工耳蝸植入兒童為研究對象,從聲調(diào)識別和聲調(diào)發(fā)聲兩方面入手,對其聲調(diào)獲得情況和表現(xiàn)特征進(jìn)行了深入研究,并通過個(gè)案對此類兒童聲調(diào)異常矯治的方法進(jìn)行了初步探索。 聲調(diào)識別研究中,首先以2-4歲人工耳蝸植入兒童和健聽兒童為研究對象,采用2×3×4三因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),比較了兩類兒童在不同信噪比(安靜、+12dB、+6dB、0dB)下的聲調(diào)識別能力。結(jié)果表明：(1)人工耳蝸植入兒童的聲調(diào)識別能力顯著低于健聽兒童；(2)人工耳蝸植入兒童的聲調(diào)識別更容易受到背景噪聲的影響；(3)2-4歲人工耳蝸植入兒童和健聽兒童聲調(diào)識別好壞與年齡無關(guān)。接著,我們從六種不同聲調(diào)組合和四種不同調(diào)類出發(fā),對人工耳蝸植入兒童的聲調(diào)識別進(jìn)行了難度分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)人工耳蝸植入兒童較容易識別一聲與其他三種聲調(diào)的組合,二聲、三聲、四聲的兩兩組合較難識別,這與健聽兒童表現(xiàn)出的難度順序相同；(2)人工耳蝸植入兒童識別一聲最容易,其次是二聲和三聲,最難識別的是四聲,這與健聽兒童一聲、四聲、三聲、二聲的難度順序有所不同。 聲調(diào)發(fā)聲研究中,通過人工耳蝸植入兒童與健聽兒童聲調(diào)發(fā)聲能力的比較發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)人工耳蝸植入兒童的聲調(diào)發(fā)聲能力顯著低于健聽兒童；(2)兩類兒童的聲調(diào)發(fā)聲準(zhǔn)確率并不沒有隨著年齡增長而顯著提高。通過主觀聽感知判斷,發(fā)現(xiàn)人工耳蝸植入兒童在漢語四種聲調(diào)表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性上有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上的顯著性差異,表現(xiàn)為一聲和四聲較容易,其次是三聲,最難的是二聲。進(jìn)一步通過主觀聽感知判斷和聲學(xué)分析相結(jié)合的手段,發(fā)現(xiàn)人工耳蝸植入兒童習(xí)慣性以較容易的聲調(diào)替代較難的聲調(diào),其中以一聲替代其他聲調(diào)出現(xiàn)的幾率最大,三聲替代二聲也常有出現(xiàn),也有部分患兒會用較難發(fā)的二聲來替代三聲。從基頻曲線上看,人工耳蝸植入兒童一聲和四聲的基頻曲線走向相對穩(wěn)定,二聲和三聲多表現(xiàn)為雜亂無章,每種聲調(diào)都有幾種典型的錯(cuò)誤類型。 最后,本研究通過個(gè)案探討了人工耳蝸植入兒童聲調(diào)異常的矯治方法。初步證明,通過系統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練,此類兒童的聲調(diào)識別及發(fā)聲能力是能夠達(dá)到同齡健聽兒童水平的。
[Abstract]:Tone plays an important role in Chinese Putonghua system.It is found that abnormal tone is common in cochlear implant children, which seriously affects their speech intelligibility.In this study, children aged 2-4 years old with cochlear implants were studied in terms of tone recognition and tone phonation.The method of correction of the abnormal tone of this kind of children was explored by a case study.In the study of tone recognition, the tonal recognition ability of two groups of children with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (quiet, 12 dB, 6 dB) was compared by using a 2 脳 3 脳 4 mixed experimental design with 2 ~ 4 years old cochlear implant children and healthy hearing children as the subjects.The results showed that the tone recognition ability of children with cochlear implants was significantly lower than that of children with normal hearing. The tone recognition of children with cochlear implants was more affected by background noise than that of children with cochlear implants aged from 2 to 4 years.Tone recognition has nothing to do with age.Then, from six different tone combinations and four different tone types, we analyze the difficulty of tone recognition in cochlear implant children.It was found that children with cochlear implants were more likely to recognize the combination of one sound and the other three tones, two, three and four.This is the same order of difficulty as that of hearing children. (2) Cochlear implants are the easiest to recognize one, followed by two and three, and the most difficult to recognize are four, one, four and three.The order of difficulty of the second sound is different.In the study of tone phonation,The comparison of tone phonation ability between children with cochlear implant and children with normal hearing found that the tonal phonation ability of cochlear implant children was significantly lower than that of healthy children (2) the accuracy rate of tone phonation in the two groups of children was not less than that in years.Age increased significantly.Through subjective auditory perception judgment, it was found that cochlear implant children had statistically significant differences in the accuracy of the expression of the four tones in Chinese, showing that one and four sounds were easier, followed by three, and the most difficult was the second.Through the combination of subjective auditory perception judgment and acoustic analysis, it was found that children with cochlear implants used to replace difficult tones with easier tones, and the probability of replacing other tones with one sound was the highest.Three-tone replacement two also often appear, also some children will use the more difficult two to replace the three.From the basic frequency curve, the basic frequency curve of cochlear implant in children with one sound and four sound is relatively stable, the second and third tones are disorderly, and there are several typical types of errors in each tone.Finally, the method of correction of tone abnormality in children with cochlear implantation was discussed.It is preliminarily proved that the tone recognition and phonation ability of this kind of children can reach the level of hearing children of the same age through systematic intensive training.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R764

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