發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-03 18:55

  本文選題：紅外線(xiàn)　切入點(diǎn)：白內(nèi)障　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：臨床意義 隨著紅外線(xiàn)近幾年來(lái)在工業(yè)、軍事、衛(wèi)生、科研等各行業(yè)的日益廣泛應(yīng)用,紅外線(xiàn)污染問(wèn)題也隨之產(chǎn)生并得到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。 紅外線(xiàn)是一種不可見(jiàn)光線(xiàn),是電磁輻射的一個(gè)組成部分,所有高于絕對(duì)零度(-273.15℃)的物質(zhì)都可以產(chǎn)生紅外線(xiàn)。紅外輻射是指光輻射的波長(zhǎng)在760nm到lmm范圍。紅外線(xiàn)根據(jù)它的波長(zhǎng)可被分為三部分,即近紅外線(xiàn)NIA(Near Infrared, NIR),中紅外線(xiàn)MIR (Middle Infrared, MIR),遠(yuǎn)紅外線(xiàn)FIR (Far Infrared, FIR).近紅外光也稱(chēng)短波紅外線(xiàn),是介于可見(jiàn)光和中紅外光之間的電磁波,按美國(guó)試驗(yàn)和材料檢測(cè)協(xié)會(huì)(American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM)定義,近紅外光是指波長(zhǎng)在780～2526nm范圍內(nèi)的電磁波。紅外線(xiàn)的成分與輻射源的溫度有關(guān),輻射源溫度越高,其輻射產(chǎn)生的波長(zhǎng)越短,近紅外線(xiàn)的成分也就越多。在工廠(chǎng)等高溫作業(yè)中,遇到的紅外線(xiàn)主要為長(zhǎng)波紅外線(xiàn)。 對(duì)于人體而言,較強(qiáng)的紅外線(xiàn)可造成皮膚傷害,且對(duì)眼睛也有傷害,臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人眼的前節(jié)主要吸收的紅外線(xiàn)為近紅外線(xiàn)和中紅外線(xiàn)。人眼如果長(zhǎng)期暴露于紅外線(xiàn)可能會(huì)引起白內(nèi)障。 本課題主要通過(guò)閾值劑量的紅外線(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)的大鼠白內(nèi)障模型,研究紅外線(xiàn)照射后晶狀體混濁的發(fā)展及紅外線(xiàn)照射后大鼠眼內(nèi)溫度的變化,探討紅外線(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)的白內(nèi)障形成和發(fā)展的機(jī)制。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一： 紅外線(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)的大鼠白內(nèi)障光化學(xué)機(jī)制的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 目的：探討紅外線(xiàn)(1090nm)誘導(dǎo)白內(nèi)障的機(jī)制。 方法：16只6周齡的albino Sprague-Dawley雌性大鼠,分為4組,每組4只,大鼠在紅外光照射之前20分鐘,用氯胺酮(95mg/kg)和二甲苯胺噻嗪(14mg/kg)腹腔內(nèi)注射麻醉,并于照射前10分鐘用托毗卡胺(5mg/m1)滴眼液散大雙眼瞳孔。大鼠單眼暴露于輸出功率為10W的一連續(xù)光纖激光發(fā)射器發(fā)出的波長(zhǎng)為1090 nm的紅外光(調(diào)整束流剖面直徑在角膜中央前表面為2mm)下,照射劑量為0.7kJ/cm2(輸出功率為6.2W),照射時(shí)間為8秒,對(duì)側(cè)未照射眼作為對(duì)照眼。分別于照射后6,18,55,168小時(shí)將大鼠處死,摘出眼球,取出晶狀體,測(cè)量晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度。 結(jié)果：行0.7kJ/cm2紅外線(xiàn)照射的大鼠晶狀體,照射后6和18小時(shí)的晶狀體未見(jiàn)明顯混濁；55和168小時(shí)后的晶狀體可見(jiàn)明顯的晶狀體前囊膜下混濁。未經(jīng)紅外線(xiàn)照射的大鼠對(duì)照眼晶狀體未見(jiàn)明顯晶狀體混濁。紅外線(xiàn)照射眼晶狀體與對(duì)側(cè)未照射眼相比,晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度明顯增加。紅外線(xiàn)照射眼與未照射的對(duì)側(cè)眼晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度之差,隨大鼠照射后存活的時(shí)間的增加而逐漸增加。照射后6小時(shí)處死的大鼠晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度差值的95%可信區(qū)間為0.02±0.01；18小時(shí)為0.04±0.02；55小時(shí)為0.25±0.04；168小時(shí)為0.29±0.05。晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度差值55小時(shí)與18小時(shí)比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 結(jié)論：閾值量紅外線(xiàn)照射后18小時(shí)白內(nèi)障發(fā)生,表明紅外線(xiàn)照射后晶狀體產(chǎn)生光化學(xué)效應(yīng)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二： 紅外線(xiàn)照射后大鼠眼內(nèi)溫度變化的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 目的：研究在閾值劑量紅外光照射8秒后大鼠晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度及眼內(nèi)溫度的變化。 方法：20只6周齡的albino Sprague-Dawley雌性大鼠隨機(jī)分為2個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組,每組10只。氯胺酮和二甲苯胺噻嗪腹腔內(nèi)注射麻醉和托吡卡胺滴眼液散瞳后,2組大鼠均單眼暴露于輸出功率為0.7KJ/cm2(6.2 W)的一連續(xù)光纖激光發(fā)射器發(fā)出的波長(zhǎng)1090 nm的紅外光(調(diào)整束流剖面直徑在角膜中央前表面為2mm)下,照射時(shí)間為8秒,對(duì)側(cè)的未照射眼作為對(duì)照眼。第一組,照射眼放置三個(gè)熱電偶,位置分別在外部角膜緣處,前部玻璃體臨近晶狀體處及鞏膜外層臨近視神經(jīng)處,未照射眼放置兩個(gè)熱電偶,位置為外部角膜緣處和鞏膜外臨近視神經(jīng)處。第二組,照射眼和非照射眼均放置兩個(gè)熱電偶,一個(gè)放置在外部角膜緣,另一個(gè)放置在鞏膜外層臨近視神經(jīng)處。分別記錄測(cè)量所得的溫度。大鼠于溫度測(cè)定完畢后處死,摘除雙側(cè)眼球,分離晶狀體,測(cè)量晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度。 結(jié)果：在第一組的溫度測(cè)定中,大鼠照射眼的角膜緣處溫度平均升高11度,玻璃體內(nèi)溫度平均升高16度,視神經(jīng)處溫度平均升高15度。在第二組兩個(gè)熱電偶的測(cè)量中,大鼠的照射眼角膜緣溫度升高9度,鞏膜外視神經(jīng)處溫度升高26度。兩組大鼠的未照射眼的溫度變化無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。大鼠紅外線(xiàn)照射眼與未照射眼的晶狀體前部散射光強(qiáng)度的差值為0.01±0.06,差異無(wú)顯著性。 結(jié)論：在閾值劑量紅外線(xiàn)(1090 nm)照射8秒后,玻璃體內(nèi)近晶狀體處和鞏膜外近視神經(jīng)處的溫度升高,表明紅外線(xiàn)照射后眼內(nèi)產(chǎn)生熱效應(yīng)。閾值量紅外線(xiàn)照射后早期無(wú)白內(nèi)障發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Clinical significance
With the increasingly widespread application of infrared in recent years in industry, military, health, scientific research and other industries, the problem of infrared pollution has also been generated and attracted more and more attention.
The infrared is not visible light, is an integral part of the electromagnetic radiation, all above absolute zero (-273.15 C) material can produce infrared light. Infrared radiation refers to the wavelength of the radiation in the range of 760nm to LMM. The infrared according to its wavelength can be divided into three parts, namely NIA (near infrared Near Infrared, NIR, MIR (Middle) in the infrared Infrared, MIR, FIR (Far) far infrared Infrared, also known as FIR). Near infrared shortwave infrared, electromagnetic wave between visible light and infrared light, according to the American Association for testing and materials testing (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM) definition, near infrared light is the wavelength in the range of 780 ~ 2526nm electromagnetic wave. The composition and temperature of the infrared radiation source, the higher the temperature of radiation source, the radiation produced by shorter wavelength near infrared component is more high in the factory. In the temperature operation, the infrared ray is mainly long wave infrared.
For the human body, strong infrared rays can cause skin damage and damage to the eyes. Clinical and experimental studies have found that the main absorption infrared rays of the human eye are near infrared and mid infrared. If the human eye is exposed to infrared for a long time, it may cause cataracts.
The aim of this study is to investigate the development of lens opacity after infrared radiation and the change of intraocular temperature in rats after infrared radiation, and to explore the mechanism of the formation and development of infrared induced cataract.
Experiment 1:
Experimental study on photochemical mechanism of infrared induced cataract in rats
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of cataract induced by infrared (1090nm).
Methods: 16 6 week old albino female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, 4 rats in each group. The rats in the infrared radiation before 20 minutes, ketamine (95mg/kg) and xylazine (14mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection of anesthesia, and in 10 minutes before irradiation with a PI amine (5mg/ M1 card) eye drops scattered eyes pupil. Rats exposed to monocular 10W output power is a continuous fiber laser transmitter emits a wavelength of 1090 nm infrared (adjust beam profile diameter in central corneal anterior surface 2mm), irradiation dose of 0.7kJ/cm2 (output power is 6.2W, irradiation time is 8 seconds) on the side, the unirradiated eye as the control eye. Which were exposed to 6,18,55168 hours after the rats were killed and the eyeballs, remove the lens, the lens in front of scattering light intensity measurements.
Results: the rat lens for 0.7kJ/cm2 infrared irradiation, irradiation after 6 and 18 hours without obvious lens opacity; 55 and 168 hours after the lens showed obvious lens anterior capsule opacification. Without the infrared radiation control rat eye lens lens lens turbidity. No obvious infrared irradiation compared with the contralateral eye the unirradiated eye lens in front of the light scattering intensity increased significantly. Infrared irradiation eye and the contralateral eye lens without radiation front scattering light intensity difference, with rats after irradiation increased survival time gradually increased. 95% confidence intervals were sacrificed 6 h after irradiation of rat lens in front of the light scattering intensity difference is 0.02 0.01 + 0.04 + 0.02; 18 hours; 55 hours was 0.25 + 0.04; 168 hours for the 0.29 + 0.05. lens front scattering light intensity difference of 55 hours and 18 hours were statistically significant (P0.05 ).
Conclusion: 18 hours after cataract threshold amount of infrared radiation, infrared radiation showed that after lens to produce photochemical effect.
Experiment two:
Experimental study on the changes of intraocular temperature in rats after infrared irradiation
Objective: To study the changes of the light intensity and intraocular temperature in the anterior lens of rats after 8 seconds of threshold dose of infrared light.
Methods: 20 albino female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 weeks of age into 2 groups, 10 rats in each group. Intraperitoneal ketamine and xylazine injection anesthesia and Tropicamide Eye Drops after mydriasis, 2 groups of rats were exposed to single output power of 0.7KJ/cm2 (6.2 W) of a continuous fiber from the laser transmitter a wavelength of 1090 nm infrared (adjust beam profile diameter in central corneal anterior surface 2mm), irradiation time of 8 seconds, without irradiation on the side of the eye as the control eye. The first group, the exposed eye placed three thermocouples, respectively in the external position of limbal, anterior lens and vitreous body near the outer sclera next to the optic nerve, non irradiated eyes placed two thermocouple position for external limbus and sclera next to the optic nerve. The second group, irradiated and non irradiated eye eyes were placed two thermocouples, one placed in the external limbus, The other one was placed near the sclera. Then the temperature was recorded. The temperature was recorded. After the temperature was measured, the rats were sacrificed, the bilateral eyeballs were removed, the lenses were separated, and the intensity of the scattered light at the front of the lens was measured.
Results: in the first group to determine the temperature, the average temperature increase of 11 degrees at the limbus in the exposed eye, an average increase of 16 degrees the temperature in the glass, as the temperature increase of 15 degrees. The average nerve were measured in second groups of two thermocouples, irradiation temperature limbal rats increased 9 degrees, transcleral as the temperature increase of 26 degrees. The temperature changes of neural non irradiated eyes of the two groups of rats had no significant difference. The light scattering intensity of rat lens in front of infrared irradiation with theunirradiated eye eye is 0.01 + 0.06, there was no significant difference.
Conclusion: after a threshold dose of infrared (1090 nm) irradiation for 8 seconds, the temperature in the vitreous near the lens and the myopic nerve outside the sclera is increased, which indicates that the thermal effect is generated after the infrared radiation. There is no cataract in the early stage after infrared radiation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R779.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 于朝華;近紅外線(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)白內(nèi)障中光化學(xué)機(jī)制的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[D];山東大學(xué);2009年

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本文編號(hào)：1706491