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Cacna1f基因突變對(duì)大鼠神經(jīng)肌肉功能影響的研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-03-15 09:35

  本文選題:先天性靜止性夜盲 切入點(diǎn):遺傳性疾病 出處:《第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2011年博士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:先天性靜止性夜盲(congenital stationary night blindness, CSNB)是一種遺傳性視網(wǎng)膜疾病,表現(xiàn)為視網(wǎng)膜桿體細(xì)胞的功能異常,視網(wǎng)膜電圖(electroretinogram, ERG)b波降低或消失,暗適應(yīng)功能喪失或較差,但是通常不伴有進(jìn)行性的眼底改變,以及病人不會(huì)感覺(jué)到自己的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力下降。而有些運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)疾病卻伴有CSNB疾病表型,如肌營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良癥可以伴有視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)異常。其中Duchenne肌營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良癥(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD)具有與CSNB病相似的ERG波形改變,但是沒(méi)有檢索到CSNB疾病與DMD疾病有關(guān)聯(lián)的報(bào)道[1,2]。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)并正在建立近交系的一種不完全型CSNB(CSNB2)模式大鼠[3,4],致病基因?yàn)镃acna1f,遺傳模式為伴性遺傳[5];該品系大鼠除視覺(jué)癥狀外,前期實(shí)驗(yàn)中還發(fā)現(xiàn)該品系大鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)能力可能也存在異常,如爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)、旋轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)中均表現(xiàn)為耐力不良(易疲勞)。Cacna1f基因突變使傳遞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的活動(dòng)區(qū)(active zone,CAZ)的ribbon小體等結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變(前期實(shí)驗(yàn)),還能使突觸相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)下降,從而阻滯視覺(jué)信號(hào)從光感受細(xì)胞向二級(jí)神經(jīng)元傳遞,這可能是導(dǎo)致視覺(jué)表型的重要機(jī)制之一。骨骼肌神經(jīng)肌接頭處存在傳遞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的CAZ,并且也有功能類似于ribbon小體的結(jié)構(gòu)--致密體以及突觸相關(guān)蛋白。最初認(rèn)為Cacna1f基因只在視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)表達(dá),目前認(rèn)為Cacna1f所編碼的鈣通道蛋白也存在于骨骼肌等其它組織中[6,7]。鑒于CSNB大鼠存在骨骼肌運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力不良表型,因此我們推測(cè):Cacna1f基因突變也會(huì)影響到骨骼肌-神經(jīng)肌接頭處的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放活性區(qū),使神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放受阻信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)阻滯,故導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)肌肉功能的改變。為驗(yàn)證該推測(cè),本文從以下四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究:1、Cacna1f突變大鼠視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)及功能發(fā)育變化的特點(diǎn);2、CSNB大鼠肌耐力不良遺傳特征的驗(yàn)證;3、Cacna1f突變對(duì)大鼠骨骼肌功能變化特征的影響;4、Cacna1f突變大鼠骨骼肌中突觸相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)的特征。 材料與方法 利用本實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)現(xiàn)并培育的CSNB近交系大鼠及同齡野生型SD大鼠,采用視覺(jué)電生理檢查技術(shù),觀察CSNB大鼠視網(wǎng)膜發(fā)育各時(shí)期的視覺(jué)功能變化;通過(guò)CSNB大鼠與對(duì)照組大鼠雜交,建立F1代雜交鼠,,驗(yàn)證肌肉耐力不良的遺傳特征;運(yùn)用離體比目魚(yú)肌肌條灌流技術(shù),檢測(cè)CSNB大鼠骨骼肌的收縮功能是否發(fā)生改變;利用免疫組化技術(shù),了解CSNB大鼠突觸蛋白及視細(xì)胞的發(fā)育情況,以及骨骼肌、脊髓、大腦上鈣通道蛋白的表達(dá)特征,并通過(guò)激光共聚焦技術(shù)對(duì)蛋白表達(dá)量進(jìn)行觀察;通過(guò)免疫印跡技術(shù),半定量CSNB大鼠突觸相關(guān)蛋白在骨骼肌的表達(dá)特征。 結(jié)果 1、不同時(shí)期CSNB大鼠視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)及功能的發(fā)育特點(diǎn) 在睜眼前1天、睜眼當(dāng)天,野生型大鼠與CSNB大鼠ERG明適、暗適反應(yīng)較相似。野生型大鼠睜眼后2天,視桿反應(yīng)(rod ERG)出現(xiàn),最大混合反應(yīng)(Max ERG)出現(xiàn)b波,出現(xiàn)明適反應(yīng)(Photopic ERG),OPs子波潛時(shí)較前期縮短、幅值增大;2天后波形變化不大,僅各項(xiàng)波形幅值增大、潛時(shí)延長(zhǎng)。CSNB大鼠ERG波形與睜眼前波形一直較相似;出生后第26天(Postnatal26,P26)CSNB大鼠Photopic ERG明顯。兩組大鼠的Flicker反應(yīng)在睜眼前似存在。 大鼠睜眼前后視覺(jué)功能發(fā)育曲線顯示:從睜眼前一天到P26,野生型大鼠與CSNB大鼠Max ERG的a波幅值無(wú)明顯差異,但CSNB大鼠潛伏期均延長(zhǎng)(P0.05)。野生型大鼠Photopic ERG較CSNB大鼠幅值高、潛時(shí)短(P 0.01)均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。視覺(jué)功能衰退曲線表明:野生型大鼠Max ERG的a波以及Photopic ERG的b波3個(gè)月幅值達(dá)最大,17個(gè)月仍能記錄。CSNB大鼠Max ERG的a波21天至1月幅值最大,到13個(gè)月a波消失;Photopic ERG的b波P21出現(xiàn),1月幅值最大,10個(gè)月波形消失。 HE染色顯示,兩種大鼠視網(wǎng)膜形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)育較相似。在睜眼時(shí)兩種大鼠的視網(wǎng)膜CAZ內(nèi)的突觸相關(guān)蛋白SYN與CtBP2,未見(jiàn)明確點(diǎn)狀表達(dá),睜眼后各時(shí)期CSNB大鼠的兩種蛋白表達(dá)均較野生型大鼠減少;SYN與CtBP2兩者相互伴行,且表達(dá)量隨視網(wǎng)膜早期發(fā)育而增加。兩種大鼠的視桿雙極細(xì)胞數(shù)量相似;睜眼時(shí)兩種大鼠視桿雙極細(xì)胞突觸數(shù)量相似;睜眼后2天,野生型大鼠視桿雙極細(xì)胞突觸開(kāi)始較CSNB大鼠增多。 2、 CSNB大鼠肌耐力不良的遺傳特征 經(jīng)行為學(xué)及視覺(jué)電生理技術(shù)的檢測(cè),在雜交F1代子鼠中,所有雌鼠ERG表現(xiàn)均為正常,而雄鼠ERG表現(xiàn)均為CSNB表型;F1代雄鼠均表現(xiàn)為肌肉耐力不良,爬桿持續(xù)時(shí)間較雌鼠顯著縮短(P 0.01)。提示CSNB大鼠肌肉耐力不良伴隨著CSNB疾病視覺(jué)表型,為性連鎖隱性遺傳特征。 3、 Cacna1f突變大鼠肌肉收縮功能的變化特征 野生型大鼠與CSNB大鼠比目魚(yú)肌(soleus, SOL)的最適頻率相似,約為100Hz。間斷強(qiáng)直收縮刺激條件下0.8%DC(Duty Cycle)以及30%DC的Pmin/Pmax值兩組間未見(jiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。完全強(qiáng)直收縮刺激條件下,CSNB大鼠收縮曲線到達(dá)峰值張力時(shí)程(time to peak tension,TPT)提前;但P30/P0比值兩種大鼠間未見(jiàn)顯著性差異。 4、Cacna1f突變大鼠各組織中鈣通道蛋白的表達(dá)特征及骨骼肌中突出相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)特征 視網(wǎng)膜中,野生型大鼠與CSNB大鼠標(biāo)記Cav1.4鈣通道蛋白N端的抗體,在外網(wǎng)狀層(outer plexi layer, OPL)、外界膜(outer segment, OS)、節(jié)細(xì)胞層(gamglion cell layer, GCL)均有表達(dá),但在CSNB大鼠視網(wǎng)膜表達(dá)較弱;Cav1.4鈣通道蛋白C端的抗體在CSNB視網(wǎng)膜上表達(dá)不明確。SYN在野生型大鼠視網(wǎng)膜的OPL中表達(dá),而CSNB大鼠的這種點(diǎn)狀表達(dá)較少。骨骼肌中,SYN與Cav1.4鈣通道蛋白N端抗體染色,在CSNB大鼠骨骼肌表達(dá)較在野生型大鼠減少;Cav1.4鈣通道蛋白C端染色在CSNB大鼠骨骼肌中表達(dá)不明確。通過(guò)Western Blot技術(shù),SYN在野生型大鼠及CSNB大鼠SOL骨骼肌中表達(dá)都呈現(xiàn)出兩個(gè)條帶;分子量較大的SYN蛋白在CSNB大鼠表達(dá)較野生型大鼠明顯下降,表達(dá)量約為對(duì)照組的三分之一(P 0.05);小分子量SYN兩種大鼠間差異不大;EDL中SYN表達(dá)不明確。脊髓灰質(zhì)背根中Cav1.4在CSNB大鼠表達(dá)較野生型大鼠下降,兩組大鼠鈣通道蛋白在大腦均未見(jiàn)表達(dá)。 結(jié)論 1.從睜眼后2天開(kāi)始野生型大鼠與CSNB大鼠ERG差別增大,此前兩者ERG表型相似。CSNB大鼠視覺(jué)發(fā)育最佳時(shí)期約在1月,13個(gè)月視覺(jué)完全衰退。CSNB大鼠視桿雙極細(xì)胞樹(shù)突發(fā)育進(jìn)程異常;CSNB大鼠CAZ上突觸相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)下降,從而影響CAZ的功能。 2.證實(shí)CSNB大鼠雜交系F1代大鼠骨骼肌功能異常伴隨CSNB疾病的ERG表型,為X連鎖隱形遺傳表型。 3. CSNB大鼠低頻間斷強(qiáng)直收縮功能未見(jiàn)改變,高頻完全強(qiáng)直收縮功能改變;Cacna1f突變僅引起骨骼肌細(xì)胞膜功能的輕微異常。 4. Cacna1f突變確實(shí)引起CSNB大鼠骨骼肌上Cav1.4的異常表達(dá),及影響慢肌CAZ上突觸相關(guān)蛋白SYN的表達(dá)。以上結(jié)論初步驗(yàn)證了我們的假設(shè):Cacna1f突變影響到骨骼肌NMJ的CAZ功能,從而導(dǎo)致突觸信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)阻滯,骨骼肌耐力下降;CAZ的功能改變導(dǎo)致視網(wǎng)膜及骨骼肌多系統(tǒng)功能發(fā)生變化。
[Abstract]:Congenital stationary night blindness (congenital stationary night blindness, CSNB) is a kind of hereditary retinal diseases, retinal rod cells showed abnormal function of the electroretinogram (electroretinogram, ERG) b wave decreased or disappeared, dark adaptation or loss of function is relatively poor, but usually not accompanied by the fundus changes, and patient do not feel their exercise capacity decreased. While some movement disorders is associated with CSNB disease phenotype, such as muscular dystrophy can be accompanied by abnormal visual system. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Duchenne muscular, dystrophy, DMD) with ERG waveform similarity and CSNB disease, but not retrieved CSNB disease associated with DMD reports of the disease we found and [1,2]. are building inbred an incomplete CSNB (CSNB2) [3,4] model rats, pathogenic genes for Cacna1f, genetic model for sex The genetic [5]; rat strains except the visual symptoms, previous studies also showed that the strains of rats may have abnormalities, such as pole test, rotarod test showed poor endurance (fatigue).Cacna1f gene mutation activity area transmission of neurotransmitters (active zone, CAZ) the ribbon body structure change (Experiment), can make the expression of synapse related proteins decreased, which block the visual signal from the photoreceptor cell transfer to two neurons, which may be one of the important mechanism leading to the visual phenotype. There is the neurotransmitter CAZ skeletal muscle neuromuscular junction, and also has the function similar to ribbon body structure compact body and synapse associated protein. Initially thought that the Cacna1f gene is only expressed in the retina, the calcium channel protein Cacna1f encoding also exists in skeletal muscle tissue in the [6,7 In view of CSNB. Rats skeletal muscle endurance adverse phenotype, we hypothesize that Cacna1f gene mutation may affect the neurotransmitter skeletal muscle nerve muscle joint release of the active region, the neurotransmitter release blocked signal block, resulting in neuromuscular function change. In order to verify the theory, this article conducts the research from the following four aspects: 1, the characteristics of development of structure and function of rat retinal changes of Cacna1f mutation; 2, verification of CSNB rat muscle endurance adverse genetic characteristics; 3, on the function of rat skeletal muscle changes the mutations of Cacna1f influence; 4, the characteristics of synaptic expression in rat skeletal muscle related protein Cacna1f mutation.
Materials and methods
The laboratory found and cultivation of inbred CSNB rats and wild-type SD rats of the same age, using visual electrophysiology techniques, to observe the development of CSNB rats retina changes of visual function in different periods; through the CSNB rats and control group rats to establish hybrid, F1 hybrid mice, genetic characteristics test card muscle endurance bad; the use of isolated soleus muscle strips, whether the systolic function of skeletal muscle of CSNB rats changed; using immunohistochemical technique, understanding the development of synaptic protein in CSNB rats and treated cells, and skeletal muscle, spinal cord, expression of calcium channel protein of the brain, and by laser confocal microscopy expression of protein was observed by western blotting; semi quantitative CSNB rat synaptosomal associated protein expression in characteristics of skeletal muscle.
Result
1, the development characteristics of the structure and function of the retina of CSNB rats at different stages
In the open before 1 days, opening day, wild type and CSNB rats ERG, dark reaction is similar. 2 days of wild type rat eyes after rod reaction (rod ERG), the biggest mixed reaction (Max ERG) b wave, that reaction (Photopic ERG) OPs, wavelet latency amplitude increases; the previous shortened, 2 days after the waveform changes little, only the wave amplitude increases, latency prolonged.CSNB rats ERG waveform and waveform is similar to open eyes; twenty-sixth days after birth (Postnatal26, P26) CSNB Photopic ERG rats obviously. Flicker reaction of the two groups of rats like there is in the eyes.
The eyes of rats before and after development of visual function curve showed that from the day before to open P26, wild type and CSNB rats Max ERG a amplitude had no significant difference, but the latency was prolonged in CSNB rats (P0.05). Wild type Photopic ERG rats than in CSNB rats with high amplitude, short latency (P 0.01) were statistically significant. The visual function decline curve showed that the wild type rat Max ERG a Photopic ERG wave and b wave amplitude reached the maximum of 3 months, 17 months can still record.CSNB rat Max ERG a wave 21 to January to 13 month maximum amplitude, a wave disappeared; B P21 Photopic wave ERG, the maximum amplitude of 10 months in January, disappeared.
HE staining showed that two kinds of rat retina morphology development is similar. Synapse associated protein SYN and CtBP2 two CAZ in the rat retina in the eyes, no clear punctate expression, eyes after two kinds of protein in each period of CSNB rats compared with the expression of wild type rats decreased; both SYN and CtBP2 with each other, and the expression increased with the early development of the retina. Two rats the number of rod bipolar cells; open your eyes of two rat rod bipolar cell synapse number similarity; 2 days after opening, the rod bipolar cell synapse start than that of CSNB rats increased in wild-type rats.
2, genetic characteristics of muscular stamina in CSNB rats
After testing the behavior and visual electrophysiological techniques, in the hybrid F1 generation offspring, all female rats showed normal ERG male rats, and ERG showed CSNB phenotype; F1 generation male rats showed poor muscle endurance, climbing duration was significantly shortened in female rats (P 0.01) CSNB. Rat muscle hypoxi accompanied by CSNB visual disease phenotype, as recessive genetic characteristics.
Changes of muscle contractile function in 3, Cacna1f mutated rats
The wild type and CSNB rats soleus muscle (soleus, SOL) the optimum frequency is similar to that of about 100Hz. under the condition of intermittent tetanic stimulation of 0.8%DC (Duty Cycle) and 30%DC Pmin/Pmax there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Completely tetanic stimulation conditions, CSNB rats reached the peak tension time history curve of contraction (time to peak tension, TPT) in advance; but the ratio of P30/P0 two rats had no significant difference.
4, the expression of calcium channel protein in the tissues of Cacna1f mutant rats and the expression of protruding protein in skeletal muscle
In the retina, the wild type rats and CSNB rats labeled antibody Cav1.4 calcium channel protein N terminal, in the outer plexiform layer (outer plexi layer OPL (outer), segment, OS film outside the ganglion cell layer (gamglion), cell layer, GCL) were expressed, but weaker expression in the retina of CSNB rats; antibody of Cav1.4 calcium channel protein C terminal in the retina CSNB expression is not clear expression of.SYN in retina of rats in the wild type OPL, and this point CSNB expression in rat skeletal muscle. Less, SYN and Cav1.4 calcium channel protein N terminal antibody staining, than in wild-type rats reduced expression in skeletal muscle of CSNB rat; Cav1.4 calcium channel protein C expression was not clear in the end of the skeletal muscle of CSNB rats. The Western Blot technology, SOL SYN expression in skeletal muscle of wild type and CSNB rats are shown in the two bands; the larger molecular weight of SYN protein in CSNB rats compared to the wild The rats were significantly decreased, the expression level was about 1/3 in the control group (P 0.05); small molecular weight of two SYN rats were no significant difference between the expression of SYN in EDL; is not clear. The expression of Cav1.4 in spinal cord dorsal root in rats CSNB rats decreased compared to the wild type, the expression of the two groups of rats of calcium channel protein in the brain were seen.
conclusion
1. eyes from 2 days after the start of the wild type and CSNB rats ERG difference increases, the two had ERG phenotype similar to.CSNB rat visual development the best period of about 13 months in January, the development process of visual outrightrecession rod bipolar cell dendrites.CSNB rats CSNB rats CAZ anomaly; synapse related protein expression decreased which affect the function of CAZ.
2. it was confirmed that the dysfunction of skeletal muscle in F1 generation rats of CSNB hybrids was associated with the ERG phenotype of CSNB disease, which was a X linkage stealth hereditary phenotype.
3. CSNB rats had no change in low-frequency interrupted tetanic contractility and high frequency tetanic contractile function. Cacna1f mutation only caused slight abnormality in skeletal muscle cell membrane function.
4. Cacna1f mutation does cause abnormal expression in skeletal muscle of rats with CSNB Cav1.4, and the expression of synapse related protein SYN in slow muscle CAZ. The above conclusion confirms our initial hypothesis that Cacna1f mutations affect skeletal muscle NMJ CAZ function, resulting in synaptic signaling blocking, skeletal muscle endurance decreased; CAZ the function change leads to multi system function and retinal changes in skeletal muscle.

【學(xué)位授予單位】:第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2011
【分類號(hào)】:R774.1

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