本文關(guān)鍵詞：大連地區(qū)變應(yīng)性鼻炎患者變應(yīng)原譜變化分析　出處：《大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鼻炎 變應(yīng)性 變應(yīng)原 皮膚點刺試驗

【摘要】：目的：通過對5年來就診于大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院的747例變應(yīng)性鼻炎患者進行變應(yīng)原的檢測及分析，了解大連地區(qū)變應(yīng)性鼻炎的患者的變應(yīng)原譜分布及變化情況，為臨床上對變應(yīng)性鼻炎的診斷和治療提供參考依據(jù)，并為合理預(yù)防變應(yīng)性鼻炎提供有效的統(tǒng)計學(xué)幫助。 方法：回顧性分析2009年1月-2013年12月間被確診為變應(yīng)性鼻炎的747例患者的皮膚點刺試驗結(jié)果，研究不同變應(yīng)原在5年間的分布情況及變化規(guī)律。根據(jù)性別將受檢人群分為男性組及女性組，其中男性組人數(shù)為335，女性組人數(shù)為412。根據(jù)年齡將受檢人群分為成年組（≥18歲）及未成年組（18歲），成年組人數(shù)為614，未成年組人數(shù)為133。分析陽性率在前8位的變應(yīng)原在不同性別組間有無差異，分析陽性率在前5位的變應(yīng)原在男性組、女性組及成年人組和未成年人組隨時間變化情況。采用SPSS20.0軟件對結(jié)果進行X2檢驗。 結(jié)果：皮膚點刺實驗陽性率在前8位的變應(yīng)原分別為：粉塵螨（57.03%），屋塵螨（56.36%），艾蒿（28.11%），狗毛發(fā)（22.22%），德國小蠊（18.21%），貓毛發(fā)（15.39%）和豚草（13.92%）。陽性率在前8位變應(yīng)原5年間在男性組及女性組中分布的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。艾蒿陽性率在2009年-2011年逐漸升高，在2012年有所下降，但在2013年重新升高，并高于以往年份，5年間艾蒿發(fā)病率為上升趨勢，且每年間陽性率變化具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05），在女性組中艾蒿陽性率變化在5年間具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異（P0.05），但未見明顯升高、降低趨勢，，成年人組中，艾蒿陽性率在2010年-2012年間逐漸下降，但在2013年陽性重新升高且高于前4年，5年間陽性率差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。貓毛發(fā)在2009年-2011年3年間發(fā)病率逐漸升高，2012年及2013年兩年發(fā)病率較之前3年開始下降，貓毛發(fā)陽性率在5年間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。豚草在2009年-2012年4年之間陽性率逐漸下降，但在2013年的陽性率突然升至5年來最高，陽性率變化在5年間的差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。粉塵螨在陽性率在5年間變化差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義，且每年均有較大波動，但整體未見明顯上升或下降規(guī)律(P0.05),男性組中粉塵螨在2009年-2011年3年間陽性率逐漸升高，5年總體變化雖具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異（P0.05），但整體未見明顯上升或下降規(guī)律，女性組中粉塵螨在2011年的陽性率雖然高于2010年，但5年間整體陽性率逐步下降，且陽性率變化差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。男性組中屋塵螨、艾蒿、狗毛發(fā)及德國小蠊的陽性率變化無明顯統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異（P0.05）。女性組中屋塵螨、狗毛發(fā)及德國小蠊5年間陽性率變化未見明顯統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。成年人組中狗毛發(fā)及德國小蠊的陽性率變化無明顯統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。（P0.05）。未成年組中，前5種變應(yīng)原陽性率每年均有波動，但變化無明顯統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異（P0.05）。 結(jié)論：一粉塵螨和屋塵螨是引發(fā)大連市變應(yīng)性鼻炎的首要因素。 二由花粉類變應(yīng)原引發(fā)的變應(yīng)性鼻炎發(fā)病率有逐年上升趨勢。 三引起變應(yīng)性鼻炎的變應(yīng)原陽性率有隨時間的波動變化，可以為臨床治療變應(yīng)性鼻炎提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the detection and analysis of allergens in 747 patients with allergic rhinitis in 5 years were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, to understand the distribution and changes of allergens for allergic rhinitis in Dalian patients, clinical on allergic rhinitis diagnosis and treatment provide a reference basis, and reasonable prevention of allergic rhinitis was to provide effective help.
Methods: retrospective analysis of January 2009 -2013 year in December by skin prick test results of 747 cases of allergic rhinitis patients, the distribution and variation of different allergens in 5 years. According to the gender of subjects were divided into male and female group, male group number is 335, the number of female group 412. according to the age of subjects were divided into adult group (aged 18) and adult group (18 years old), adult group number 614, number 133. in adult group analysis of the positive rate in the top 8 allergens in different gender groups had no differences in allergen positive rate analysis of the top 5 in male group, female group and adult group and juvenile group changed with time. The results underwent X2 test using SPSS20.0 software.
Results: the positive rate of skin prick test respectively in the top 8 allergens: dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (57.03%), (56.36%), (28.11%), mugwort dog hairs (22.22%), German cockroach (18.21%), cat hair (15.39%) and ragweed (13.92%). The positive rate of change should be between 5 in the male group and the female group in the distribution was not statistically significant in the top 8 (P0.05). The positive rate of Artemisia increased gradually in the years 2009 -2011, declined in 2012, but rose again in 2013, and higher than that of the previous year, 5 years, the incidence rate of mugwort rising trend, and the positive rate was statistically changes from year to year meaning (P0.05) in the female group, the positive rate of change of Artemisia has a statistically significant difference in 5 years (P0.05), but there was no obvious increase, decrease, the adult group, the positive rate of Artemisia decreased gradually in 2010 -2012 years, but in 2013 the positive re increased and higher than the previous 4 years, the positive rate of 5 years The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The cat hair in 2009 -2011 3 years the incidence rate increased gradually, in 2012 and 2013 compared with the previous 3 years two years incidence began to decline, the positive rate of cat hair in 5 years was statistically significant difference (P0.05). Ragweeds in 2009 -2012 years 4 years between the positive rate decreased gradually, but the positive rate in 2013 suddenly rose to the highest in 5 years, the difference was statistically significant positive rate of change in 5 years (P0.05). Significant differences in the positive rate of dust mite in 5 years, and every year a large fluctuation, but no obvious increase or decrease of dust mite (P0.05), male group in 2009 -2011 positive rate 3 years gradually increased, the overall changes in 5 years has significant difference (P0.05), but no obvious increase or decrease of dust mite positive rate in female group is higher than that of 2010 2011, But the positive rate of the overall 5 years decreased gradually, and the positive rate was statistically significant difference (P0.05). The male group in house dust mite, mugwort, positive rate of change of dog hair and Blattella germanica was no significant difference in the female group (P0.05). The positive rate of house dust mite, no change in 5 years and the small German dog hair Americana showed significant difference. The positive rate of change in the adult group dog hair and Blattella germanica. No statistically significant difference (P0.05). In adult group, the former 5 kinds of allergens positive rate each year fluctuations, but the change was no significant difference (P0.05).
Conclusion: dust mite and house dust mites are the primary factors that lead to allergic rhinitis in Dalian.
Two the incidence of allergic rhinitis caused by pollen allergen has been increasing year by year.
Three the positive rate of allergen caused by allergic rhinitis is fluctuating with time, which can provide reference for clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R765.21

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