血管內超聲在冠狀動脈非左主干臨界病變中的應用
發(fā)布時間:2018-11-23 19:23
【摘要】:研究背景及目的:冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(coronary atherosclerotic heart disease,CAHD)簡稱冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD),是當前對人類健康和生命安全具有嚴重威脅的主要疾病之一。近年來,隨著生活質量的不斷提高,高脂高熱量飲食、運動量減少、吸煙等不健康生活方式隨處可見,我國冠心病的發(fā)病率亦不斷上升,且有年輕化的趨勢。冠狀動脈臨界病變主要指的是冠狀動脈造影(coronaryangiography,CAG)提示冠狀動脈狹窄程度介于40%-70%的病變,在冠脈造影和冠脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)中比較常見。盡管屬于冠狀動脈的早期病變,冠狀動脈臨界病變依然可能進展為心肌梗死甚至發(fā)生猝死,因此準確評估冠狀動脈臨界病變顯得尤為重要。冠狀動脈造影是公認的診斷冠心病并指導PCI的“金標準”,但是由于冠狀動脈造影主要利用對比劑充盈冠脈管腔,顯示的僅僅是管腔輪廓的三維圖像,造影投射角度、彌漫性病變導致的參考血管節(jié)段異常、斑塊的偏心性等因素均可導致冠狀動脈造影無法準確評估病變,而H病變冠脈大多存在正性重構現象,當斑塊面積達到血管管腔橫截面的一半時,冠狀動脈造影才能發(fā)現。這些都使得冠狀動脈造影在準確評估臨界病變方面有一定的局限性。血管內超聲(intravascular ultrasound,IVUS)屬于血管內成像技術的一種,不但能夠清晰顯示出冠脈管腔形態(tài)、血管壁和管腔的直徑、病變長度、橫截面積,而且還可以辨別斑塊的性質和類型,進行斑塊的定量及定性分析。既往研究發(fā)現,對于非左主干、直徑2.5 mm的冠狀動脈狹窄病變,當狹窄處測得的最小管腔面積(minimal lumen area,MLA)4 mm2可能會導致心肌缺血,而當MLA≥4 mm2時,延遲對病變的介入干預可能是安全的。IVUS通過評估冠脈狹窄程度間接推斷是否發(fā)生心肌缺血。血流儲備分數測定(Fractional Flow Reserve,FFR)則是直接評判冠脈狹窄功能性意義的可靠指標,是評價冠脈臨界病變生理學的“金標準”。FFR是指當冠脈存在狹窄病變時,狹窄血管供應心肌區(qū)域能構獲得的最大血流和同一心肌區(qū)域正常情況下理論上所能獲得的最大血流的比值。多項研究顯示在穩(wěn)定型冠心病患者中,如FFR0.8,發(fā)生心肌缺血的可能性不大,這種情況下對狹窄病變延遲PCI治療而應用規(guī)范的冠心病最佳藥物治療是安全可靠的。研究設計與方法:本研究分為兩部分。第一部分對通過冠狀動脈造影證實為冠狀動脈非左主干臨界病變的104例患者進行IVUS或FFR檢查,隨訪1年,觀察MLA≥4.Omm2對比FFR≥0.8指導下冠狀動脈臨界病變延遲PCI治療的一年臨床隨訪結果。第二部分,選取冠脈造影提示冠脈臨界病變(40%-70%狹窄)且IVUS檢查提示最小管腔面積(MLA)≥4.0mm2的25例ACS患者,延遲行冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI),采用冠心病優(yōu)化藥物治療(OMT),隨訪1年,觀察主要終點為靶血管重建(TVR),次要終點為主要心血管不良事件(MACEs)。結果:第一部分研究中,兩組患者一般臨床情況、冠狀動脈造影情況差異無統計學意義(P0.05),兩組間主要心血管不良事件的發(fā)生率無統計學差異(P=0.716)。第二部分研究中,1例NSTEMI患者因再次發(fā)生心肌梗死行血運重建,2例UA患者經藥物治療后仍反復發(fā)生心絞痛再次住院,靶血管重建發(fā)生率為4.00%,主要心血管不良事件發(fā)生率為16.00%。結論:IVUS及FFR均可以用于指導非左主干冠脈臨界病變延遲介入治療,其中IVUS可以用于指導急性冠脈綜合征患者非左主干冠脈臨界病變延遲介入治療。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose: coronary heart disease (CAHD) is one of the main diseases which are a serious threat to human health and life safety. In recent years, with the improvement of the quality of life, the high-fat and high-calorie diet, the decrease of the amount of exercise, and the non-healthy lifestyle such as smoking can be seen everywhere, the incidence of coronary heart disease in our country is also rising, and there is a young trend. Coronary artery critical lesions mainly refer to coronary angiography (CAG), which suggests that the degree of coronary artery stenosis is between 40% and 70%, and is more common in coronary angiography and coronary intervention (PCI). In spite of the early pathological changes in the coronary arteries, the critical lesions of the coronary artery may still be progressing to myocardial infarction or even sudden death, so it is very important to accurately assess the critical coronary artery lesions. Coronary angiography is a well-established 鈥済old standard鈥,
本文編號:2352472
[Abstract]:Background and purpose: coronary heart disease (CAHD) is one of the main diseases which are a serious threat to human health and life safety. In recent years, with the improvement of the quality of life, the high-fat and high-calorie diet, the decrease of the amount of exercise, and the non-healthy lifestyle such as smoking can be seen everywhere, the incidence of coronary heart disease in our country is also rising, and there is a young trend. Coronary artery critical lesions mainly refer to coronary angiography (CAG), which suggests that the degree of coronary artery stenosis is between 40% and 70%, and is more common in coronary angiography and coronary intervention (PCI). In spite of the early pathological changes in the coronary arteries, the critical lesions of the coronary artery may still be progressing to myocardial infarction or even sudden death, so it is very important to accurately assess the critical coronary artery lesions. Coronary angiography is a well-established 鈥済old standard鈥,
本文編號:2352472
本文鏈接:http://sikaile.net/yixuelunwen/xxg/2352472.html
最近更新
教材專著