本文選題：心室輔助　切入點(diǎn)：超聲電機(jī)　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前全世界心衰病人數(shù)量不斷上升,而可供移植的心臟數(shù)量嚴(yán)重不足。大部分終末期心衰患者需要尋求一種機(jī)械循環(huán)支持系統(tǒng),輔助或替代心臟的功能。本課題組開發(fā)的用于心室輔助的超聲致動泵作為機(jī)械循環(huán)支持系統(tǒng)的一種,期望在將來可以作為心臟移植的有效補(bǔ)充,為心衰病人提供新的治療和心室輔助手段。超聲致動泵是通過超聲電機(jī)驅(qū)動凸輪-推板擠壓血腔,以收縮-舒張形式泵血的搏動式人工心臟。它可以產(chǎn)生類似于人體自身心臟活動的搏動流,而且通過轉(zhuǎn)矩大、體積小的超聲電機(jī)驅(qū)動擠壓泵血,從而易于控制、有植入可能性。但是超聲致動泵在工作中會產(chǎn)生較大的發(fā)熱現(xiàn)象,這一現(xiàn)象對泵體的植入有著較大的影響。溫升會破壞血液、體內(nèi)器官組織,還會降低電機(jī)自身的壽命。為了在植入的狀態(tài)下測量超聲致動泵的溫升并加以控制,設(shè)計了無傳感器的無創(chuàng)泵體溫度檢測方法,以防止傳感器的相關(guān)導(dǎo)線管路對人體的影響。本文設(shè)計了超聲致動泵的無傳感器溫度預(yù)測與控制系統(tǒng)。首先量化了超聲致動泵的整體發(fā)熱情況,然后采用遺傳算法改進(jìn)型的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過易測的參數(shù)預(yù)測泵體溫度,而且基于溫度結(jié)果實(shí)現(xiàn)了調(diào)頻控制,達(dá)到不使用傳感器無創(chuàng)控制泵體溫升的目的,最終通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證這一控制方法可兼顧泵體的輔助效果與溫升特性。目前所取得的成果有:1.研究了超聲致動泵的發(fā)熱機(jī)理,具體分析了超聲電機(jī)和凸輪摩擦兩部分的溫升,而且量化了這兩部分大致的功耗范圍,為理解泵體的整體發(fā)熱情況做了指導(dǎo)。2.通過分析在系統(tǒng)中選擇易于測量且相關(guān)性強(qiáng)的驅(qū)動頻率、主動脈壓力和超聲電機(jī)驅(qū)動電流三個參數(shù),利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測溫升。使用遺傳算法改進(jìn)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測結(jié)果,并通過大樣本的仿真驗(yàn)證精度。3.基于Compact RIO實(shí)時控制平臺設(shè)計了超聲致動泵溫度無傳感器控制系統(tǒng),穩(wěn)定了泵體運(yùn)行溫升特性。4.搭建了模擬體外循環(huán)系統(tǒng),利用模擬的左心室、體循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和超聲致動泵采集模擬的人體參數(shù)。用于預(yù)測溫度和控制后,測量泵體壓力流量特性曲線,驗(yàn)證控溫后的輔助效果。
[Abstract]:The number of heart failure patients around the world is on the rise, and the number of heart transplants is severely inadequate. Most end-stage heart failure patients need to seek a mechanical circulatory support system. As a mechanical circulatory support system, we hope to be an effective complement to heart transplantation in the future. New treatments and ventricular aids are provided for patients with heart failure. The ultrasonic pump is driven by an ultrasonic motor to drive the cam-push plate to squeeze the blood chamber. A pulsatile artificial heart that pumps blood in the form of contraction and relaxation. It can produce a pulsatile flow similar to the human body's own heart activity, and it can be easily controlled by squeezing the blood through a large torque, small ultrasonic motor. There is a possibility of implantation. But ultrasonic pumps have a greater fever at work, which has a greater effect on the implantation of the pump body. Temperature rise can damage blood, organs and tissues in the body. In order to measure and control the temperature rise of ultrasonic driven pump in the implanted state, a non-invasive temperature measurement method is designed for non-invasive pump body. A sensorless temperature prediction and control system for ultrasonic driven pump is designed in order to prevent the influence on human body caused by the related wire lines of sensor. Firstly, the overall heating condition of ultrasonic driven pump is quantified. Then the improved neural network based on genetic algorithm is used to predict the temperature of pump body through easily measured parameters, and the frequency modulation control is realized based on the result of temperature, so that the temperature rise of pump body can be controlled without the sensor. Finally, the experiment proves that this control method can give attention to the auxiliary effect of pump body and the characteristic of temperature rise. The current achievements are: 1. The heating mechanism of ultrasonic driven pump is studied, and the temperature rise of ultrasonic motor and cam friction part is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the approximate power consumption range of the two parts is quantified, which is used to guide the understanding of the whole heating condition of the pump body. 2. By analyzing the driving frequency which is easy to measure and has strong correlation in the system, Three parameters, aortic pressure and driving current of ultrasonic motor, are used to predict temperature rise using BP neural network. Genetic algorithm is used to improve the prediction result of neural network. Based on the real-time control platform of Compact RIO, the temperature sensorless control system of ultrasonic drive pump is designed, and the characteristic of temperature rise of pump body is stabilized. 4. The simulated external circulation system is built, and the simulated left ventricle is used. Body circulation system and ultrasonic drive pump were used to collect simulated human body parameters. After temperature prediction and control, the pressure and flow characteristic curves of pump body were measured to verify the auxiliary effect of temperature control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R541.6;TP273

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