本文關(guān)鍵詞：血管及其支架內(nèi)兩相血流動(dòng)力學(xué)研究　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 血流動(dòng)力學(xué) 粥樣斑塊 血管支架 再狹窄 左冠狀動(dòng)脈

【摘要】：據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),目前全國(guó)心血管病患者有2.9億人,全國(guó)平均每5個(gè)成人中有1人患心血管病,且患病率處于持續(xù)上升的趨勢(shì)。在心血管疾病致殘致死的病例中,75%以上是由動(dòng)脈粥樣斑塊造成血管狹窄病變引起的,動(dòng)脈中狹窄處粥樣斑塊對(duì)動(dòng)脈中血液流動(dòng)具有一定的阻礙作用,隨著狹窄程度的加大,最終造成血管堵塞并誘發(fā)心血管疾病。目前,血管支架植入術(shù)是治療血管狹窄病變的主要手段之一,但支架植入后,支架內(nèi)再狹窄問(wèn)題普遍存在。而血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特性參數(shù)分布與血管及其支架內(nèi)動(dòng)脈粥樣斑塊和血栓的形成具有密切的關(guān)系,對(duì)血管及其支架內(nèi)的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)研究有利于探明粥樣斑塊形成、發(fā)展和支架內(nèi)再狹窄機(jī)制,為心血管疾病的診斷、治療和血管支架的設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。本文針對(duì)粥樣斑塊引起的血管狹窄和支架內(nèi)再狹窄的問(wèn)題,以人體左冠狀動(dòng)脈為研究對(duì)象,建立了不同狹窄率的左冠狀動(dòng)脈幾何模型和不同結(jié)構(gòu)的血管支架模型,在血液與血管壁、粥樣斑塊和血管支架之間的流固耦合作用下,考慮血液組分的影響,將血液視為兩相流體,采用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)方法對(duì)左冠狀動(dòng)脈和血管支架內(nèi)兩相血流動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,分析了狹窄率和支架結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)動(dòng)脈中兩相血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響。此外,通過(guò)體外血流動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)本文中數(shù)值計(jì)算方法的正確性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。本文主要研究工作和成果如下:1、運(yùn)用Pro/E建立了左冠狀動(dòng)脈幾何模型,分析了左冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)牛頓血液模型和兩相血液模型的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特性參數(shù)的分布情況,獲得了兩相血液中紅細(xì)胞的流動(dòng)特性對(duì)動(dòng)脈內(nèi)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特性的影響,為動(dòng)脈內(nèi)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究提供了研究方法和技術(shù)條件。2、建立了不同狹窄率的左冠狀動(dòng)脈模型,分析了狹窄率對(duì)左冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)兩相血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響,從血流動(dòng)力學(xué)角度探明了血管狹窄病變的發(fā)展過(guò)程,揭示了動(dòng)脈內(nèi)動(dòng)脈粥樣斑塊形成與發(fā)展機(jī)制,對(duì)了解血管狹窄的發(fā)病機(jī)制及臨床診斷與治療均具有重要意義。3、建立了支架植入后的左冠狀動(dòng)脈模型和不同結(jié)構(gòu)的血管支架模型,分析了支架植入對(duì)狹窄血管內(nèi)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特性的影響,研究了支架結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)支架內(nèi)兩相血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特性參數(shù)的影響,探明了支架內(nèi)再狹窄機(jī)制,為血管支架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和心血管疾病的支架植入治療提供一定的理論指導(dǎo)。4、對(duì)左冠狀動(dòng)脈模型進(jìn)行體外血流動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,結(jié)果表明,在動(dòng)脈分叉處外側(cè)出現(xiàn)一定程度的血流停滯區(qū),血流速度較低,血流中粒子形成沉積,與數(shù)值模擬的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特性一致,驗(yàn)證了文中數(shù)值計(jì)算方法的正確性。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, at present, there are 290 million patients with cardiovascular disease in China, one in five adults in the country has cardiovascular disease, and the prevalence rate is on the rise. More than 75% is caused by atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerotic plaque in the artery has a certain blocking effect on blood flow in artery, with the increase of stenosis degree. At present, stent implantation is one of the main methods for the treatment of vascular stenosis, but after stent implantation. Restenosis in stent is a common problem, and the distribution of hemodynamic parameters is closely related to the atherosclerotic plaque and thrombosis in the blood vessel and its stent. The study of the hemodynamics of blood vessels and their stents is helpful to investigate the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque formation, development and restenosis in stent, which is helpful for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Treatment and stent design provide theoretical basis. In this paper, the human left coronary artery is taken as the research object, aiming at the problem of stenosis and restenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaque. The geometric models of left coronary artery with different stenosis rates and the stent models with different structures were established. The effects of blood components were considered under the fluid-solid coupling between blood and vascular wall, atherosclerotic plaques and stents. The blood was regarded as a two-phase fluid, and the two-phase hemodynamics in the left coronary artery and the stent was simulated numerically by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effects of stenosis rate and stent structure on the two-phase hemodynamics in the artery were analyzed. The validity of the numerical method in this paper is verified by the experiments of external hemodynamics. The main work and results of this paper are as follows: 1. The geometric model of left coronary artery is established by using Pro/E. The distribution of hemodynamic parameters of Newtonian blood model and two-phase blood model in left coronary artery were analyzed, and the effects of erythrocyte flow characteristics in two-phase blood on intra-arterial hemodynamic characteristics were obtained. For the study of intraarterial hemodynamics, the method and technical conditions were provided. 2. The left coronary artery model with different stenosis rates was established, and the effect of stenosis rate on the two-phase hemodynamics of left coronary artery was analyzed. From the perspective of hemodynamics, the development process of vascular stenosis was investigated, and the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque formation and development was revealed. It is of great significance to understand the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and treatment of vascular stenosis. The left coronary artery model and the vascular stent model with different structures were established after stent implantation. The effects of stent implantation on the hemodynamic characteristics of stenosis were analyzed. The effects of stent structure on two-phase hemodynamic parameters in stent were studied and the mechanism of in-stent restenosis was investigated. It provides some theoretical guidance for the structural design of vascular stents and stent implantation for cardiovascular disease. The experimental results were compared with the results of numerical simulation. The results showed that there was a certain degree of blood flow stagnation on the lateral side of the artery bifurcation, the velocity of blood flow was lower, and the particles in the blood flow were deposited. In accordance with the hemodynamic characteristics of the numerical simulation, the correctness of the numerical method in this paper is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R54

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本文編號(hào)：1428601