人源iPSC中致聾基因MYO15A的修正對誘導獲得的毛細胞樣細胞的形態(tài)和功能的影響
[Abstract]:Deafness and hearing impairment are one of the major health problems in the world. Ear is the most important auditory and balanced organ of human, and the inner ear hair cell is the key sensory cell of the auditory transition. when the sound wave passes, the hair cell converts the sound wave signal into an electric signal through the swinging of the surface static cilia, and transmits the sound wave signal to the brain, so as to generate the hearing. The damage or loss of hair cells in the inner ear is one of the main causes of deafness and hearing loss. Noise, aging, gene mutations, or drug abuse, in particular, aminosugars and antibiotics, may result in damage or loss of the inner ear hair cells. In mammals, including humans, the inner ear hair cells will not be regenerated once they are destroyed, which will lead to permanent deafness. To study the pathogenesis of deafness and to explore how to regenerate the normal inner ear hair cells in a mammal (such as a human), which will help to treat deafness or hearing loss. The induction of pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) is a class of pluripotent stem cells that are very similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To avoid the ethical problem, the ability of differentiation, the ability of the infinite amplification, the ability of obtaining the specific iPSC of the patient and the effect of no immune rejection in the autotransplantation, all these advantages make the iSC have a wide application prospect in the fields of regenerative medicine, disease model and drug screening. The emergence of gene editing technology, in particular the rapid development of the CRISPR/ Cas9 technology, can make human being able to transform or modify genes as they can. In recent years, the development of the regeneration of hair cells in the inner ear has made the regeneration of the hair cells of the mammalian hair more mature. In this study, we set up an iPSC cell line for the mutation of the deafness gene MY015A through the iPSC technique; through the CRISPR/ Cas9 technique, we corrected the MYO15A gene in the MYO15A mutant iPSC cell line; and by inducing the iPSC in vitro to induce the differentiated hair cell, We demonstrated that the gene correction of MYO15A reversed the morphological and functional deficiencies of the hair cell-like cells resulting from the MYO15A mutation. Part One: By retrovirals, we have induced an iPSC (M-/-iPSC, M +/-iPSC, and M +/ + iPSC, respectively) from the MYO15A mutant deafness patient (MY015A c. 4642GA, c. 8374GA), the patient's father (MYO15A c. 8374GA), and a normal hearing girl. Sanzhu iPSCs exhibit similar characteristics as ESC, such as AP-positive, expression of multipotent stem cell-specific marker proteins OCT4, SOX2, NNOG, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, with the potential for ectodermal differentiation in vivo. At the same time, the karyotype of Sanzhu iPSCs was tested, and the results showed that after the long process of reprogramming, the normal karyotype of Sanzhu cell line was maintained. The second part: Through the single-layer malapposition method, Sanzhu iPSC is induced to be an auditory progenitor cell, and the expression of the obtained auditory progenitor cells is induced to the relevant specific marker protein and gene. We successfully obtained the hair cell-like cells of Sanzhu cells by separating and co-culturing the epithelial progenitor cells and co-culturing with the matrix cells of the chick embryo. The induced hair cell-like cells express the specific marker gene and the protein of the hair cell, can specifically capture the FM1-43 dye, have similar potassium current and calcium current to the hair cell of the inner ear, and have a specific static cilia-like structure on the surface of the cells. However, the effect of the MY015A mutation on the structure and function of the hair cell-like cells induced by M-/-ipSC was also observed. The M-/-iPSC-induced hair cell-like cells exhibited a disorder of the actin filament structure as compared to the hair cell-like cells obtained by the M +/ + iPSC and M +/-iPSC-induced hair cell-like cells, as well as a significantly reduced static cilia-like structure. The third part: Using the homologous recombination technique mediated by CRISPR-Cas9, we corrected the mutation site of MY015A c. 4642GA in M-/-iPSC. We designed and constructed the target vector pX330-maxGFP-sgRNA4, the homologous recombination template ssODN and pUC 19-MYO15Asyncymous for gene correction experiments. By flow cytometry and Sanger sequencing, we successfully screened the MC/-iPSC cell line that obtained the gene correction. The MC/-iPSC maintains the normal cell nucleus type, expresses the multipotent stem cell marker gene and the protein, and has the function of external differentiation in vivo. In the fourth part, in order to understand the effect of gene correction on the structure and function of the hair cell-like cells induced by M-/-iPSC, the gene-corrected MC/ iPSCs were induced to the progenitor cells and further induced to the inner ear hair cell-like cells. Similar to M +/ + iPSC and M +/-iPSC, the MC/ iPSC-differentiated auditory progenitor cells express the related genes and proteins, differentiated hair cell-like cells, and express hair cell-specific marker genes and proteins. The MC/-iPSC-induced hair cell-like cells had a similar voltage-dependent current to the hair cell-like cells obtained by the M +/ + iPSC and M +/ iPSC-induced hair cell-like cells, with normal actin filament tissue, normal cilia length, This has a significant difference with the expression of the hair cell-like cells obtained by the M-/-iPSC-induced hair cell-like cells (the disorder of the actin filament structure and the significantly shortened static cilia-like structure). Our study showed that the gene correction of MY015A reversed the morphological and functional defects of hair cell-like cells caused by the mutation of MYO15A. In conclusion, this study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of induction of hair cell-like cells from human iPSC by gene correction of the iPSC cell line that has been mutated to the deafness gene MYO15A and the induction differentiation of the inner ear hair cell. It also proved that the gene correction can effectively reverse the morphological and functional defects of hair cell-like cells caused by the mutation of MY015A.
【學位授予單位】:浙江大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:R764.43
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