波前視覺矯正和視神經(jīng)特性的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-06 08:22
【摘要】：由于人眼屈光系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性，除了存在離焦和像散這樣的低階像差外，還存在各種非規(guī)則的高階像差，它們也是限制視力的重要因素。波前技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得驗(yàn)光不再局限于主觀驗(yàn)光的離焦和像散，還可以獲得包括球差、彗差等高階像差在內(nèi)的信息，波前技術(shù)使個(gè)性化的視覺矯正成為可能。此外，視覺系統(tǒng)包括眼球的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)和視網(wǎng)膜之后的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)兩部分，分段評價(jià)整個(gè)視覺系統(tǒng)的成像質(zhì)量，是視覺矯正治療的前提和目的。神經(jīng)對比敏感度函數(shù)的獲取能夠?yàn)樵S多眼科疾病的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)與及時(shí)治療提供依據(jù)。 本文以最優(yōu)化地矯正人眼像差為主要研究方向，應(yīng)用波前像差技術(shù)，基于個(gè)性化的眼光學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，對以框架眼鏡和角膜接觸鏡為視覺矯正手段的設(shè)計(jì)方法，以及視功能的評價(jià)方面進(jìn)行了如下研究： 設(shè)計(jì)了球-柱型波前眼鏡。通過綜合考慮人眼的2~6階波前像差，在光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)軟件ZEMAX中建立起個(gè)體眼光學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了波前球-柱型眼鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)，并給出矯正方案，經(jīng)過模擬已有文獻(xiàn)方法并與之對比，證明本文方法的屈光度結(jié)果可信。這種用眼模型設(shè)計(jì)鏡片的方法，更適宜分析鏡-眼系統(tǒng)在不同視場角和眼球有旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的成像質(zhì)量。通過對隨機(jī)選取的50只人眼進(jìn)行建模分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中36只眼用這種球-柱鏡進(jìn)行矯正即能達(dá)到良好的視覺效果；14只眼僅球-柱矯正后成像改善不明顯，尚需要其它面型的進(jìn)一步矯正。 通過改進(jìn)Liou的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)眼模型，運(yùn)用測量的人眼波前像差數(shù)據(jù)，將離焦引入至晶狀體和玻璃體，散光和高階像差引入至角膜，建立了符合人眼調(diào)節(jié)特性的個(gè)體眼模型。針對于球-柱鏡矯正無效的高階像差較大的個(gè)體眼進(jìn)行屈光矯正設(shè)計(jì)，利用光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中多重結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)定對應(yīng)眼球的旋轉(zhuǎn)，每一結(jié)構(gòu)下視場角的設(shè)定對應(yīng)特定的視場要求，從而將人眼的視物特征納入至鏡片的設(shè)計(jì)中。針對于不同像差特征的人眼，分別將鏡片設(shè)計(jì)為非球面-環(huán)曲面型，以及自由曲面-環(huán)曲面型。矯正結(jié)果表明，對于像散較大、球差較大的眼睛，非球面鏡片矯正有效，在大視場的改善尤為明顯；對于高階像差較高，尤其是彗差、三葉草類像差較高的被試眼，自由曲面型眼鏡對其矯正最為有效，不僅體現(xiàn)在大視場成像質(zhì)量的明顯提升，甚至對于中心0°視場成像的改善也有成效。這種基于人眼視物特征、運(yùn)用特殊面型設(shè)計(jì)鏡片的方法，對于某些像散和高階像差大的人眼的視覺矯正有特殊意義。 提出了一種根據(jù)眼視光的客觀測量數(shù)據(jù)獲得角膜接觸鏡面型結(jié)構(gòu)的方法。根據(jù)實(shí)際測量的角膜地形圖數(shù)據(jù)，運(yùn)用MATLAB軟件編程對角膜前表面進(jìn)行最佳球面或環(huán)曲面擬合，從而設(shè)計(jì)了角膜接觸鏡的后表面光學(xué)區(qū)的面型結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合實(shí)際測量的人眼波前像差數(shù)據(jù)，根據(jù)衍射的角譜理論，計(jì)算波前由出瞳平面?zhèn)鞑サ浇悄で氨砻�、�?jīng)由淚液透鏡及在角膜接觸鏡介質(zhì)內(nèi)的傳播，得到角膜接觸鏡前表面的等效波前像差，進(jìn)而運(yùn)用最小二乘法擬合得到矯正該波前像差的角膜接觸鏡前表面光學(xué)區(qū)的最優(yōu)的環(huán)曲面面型。由已設(shè)計(jì)完成的角膜接觸鏡的前后表面光學(xué)區(qū)的面型結(jié)構(gòu)，，計(jì)算和擬合得到該角膜接觸鏡的最優(yōu)球、柱度和散光軸位角。經(jīng)過與人眼波前、淚液鏡的屈光度進(jìn)行比較，證明本方法結(jié)果的可信。與傳統(tǒng)配鏡的0.125D精度相比，本章擬合得到的屈光度精度僅為0.04D。 為了得到人眼在時(shí)間頻率下的神經(jīng)對比敏感度函數(shù)，對全眼時(shí)間頻率下的對比敏感度函數(shù)和人眼波前像差分別進(jìn)行測量。通過建立被試眼的個(gè)體眼模型得到眼屈光系統(tǒng)的調(diào)制傳遞函數(shù)，再根據(jù)對比敏感度函數(shù)和調(diào)制傳遞函數(shù)間的關(guān)聯(lián)，通過數(shù)值計(jì)算得到時(shí)間頻率下的神經(jīng)對比敏感度函數(shù)曲線。測試結(jié)果表明：隨著時(shí)間頻率的增高，神經(jīng)對比敏感度函數(shù)曲線整體大幅度降低，并且表現(xiàn)出由類似“帶通”至“低通”再過渡至近乎“單調(diào)下降”的特點(diǎn)。表征高、低兩種時(shí)間頻率下神經(jīng)對比敏感度函數(shù)變化特征的衰減因子，隨空間頻率的增加變化平緩，反映了視覺神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)對于不同運(yùn)動速度物體的響應(yīng)特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Due to the complexity of the human eye refractive system, in addition to the low-order aberrations such as defocus and astigmatism, there are various non-regular high-order aberrations, which are also important factors for limiting the vision. The development of the pre-wave technique makes the optometry not limited to the defocus and astigmatism of the subjective optometry, and can also obtain the information including the high-order aberrations including the spherical aberration and the aberration, and the pre-wave technique makes the personalized visual correction possible. In addition, the vision system includes two parts of the optical system of the eye and the nervous system after the retina, and the imaging quality of the whole vision system is evaluated in sections, and the premise and the purpose of the visual correction treatment are the visual system. The acquisition of the nerve-contrast sensitivity function can provide the basis for the early detection and timely treatment of many ophthalmic diseases. In this paper, in order to correct the human eye aberration as the main research direction and to apply the wavefront aberration technique, the design method based on the frame glasses and the contact lens of the cornea as the visual correction means and the evaluation of the visual function are as follows. Study: The ball-column is designed In the optical design software ZEMAX, the structure of the pre-wave ball-column type glasses is designed, and the correction scheme is given, and the existing literature method is simulated. In contrast, the refractive index of the method is proved. The method of designing the lens with the eye model is more suitable for the analysis of the rotation of the lens-eye system at different angles of view and the eyeball By modeling and analyzing the randomly selected 50 human eyes, 36 eyes were found to be corrected with such a ball-column lens to achieve a good visual effect; 14 eyes only-post-correction imaging improvement was not obvious, and other surface-type was still needed. Further, by improving the standard eye model of Liou, using the measured wavefront aberration data of the human eye, introducing the defocus into the lens and the vitreous, the astigmatism and the high-order aberration are introduced into the cornea, and the human eye regulation is established. The invention relates to an individual eye model with characteristics, aiming at the refraction correction design of an individual eye with a large high-order aberration which is not effective in the correction of a ball-column lens, a specific field of view is required to characterize the visual object of the human eye, in the design of the lens, aiming at the human eyes with different aberration characteristics, the lens is designed as an aspheric-ring surface type, and the lens The results show that, for the eyes with larger astigmatism and larger spherical aberration, the correction of the aspherical lens is effective, and the improvement of the large field of view is especially obvious; for the high-order aberrations, especially the eye-eye and the free-curved-type glasses with higher higher-order aberrations, especially the low-order aberration and the clover-like aberration The correction is most effective not only in the significant improvement of the imaging quality of the large field of view, but also for the center 0 擄 field of view. The improvement of the image is also effective, which is based on the characteristics of the human eye, the method of using the special-surface-type design lens, and the vision of the human eye with large astigmatism and high-order aberrations. In this paper, an objective measurement data acquisition angle based on the visual light of the eye is proposed. according to the actual measured corneal topography data, the optimal spherical or ring-surface fitting on the anterior surface of the cornea is obtained by using the MATLAB software programming, so that the contact lens of the cornea is designed, The surface-type structure of the posterior surface optical zone. According to the measured wavefront aberration data of the human eye, according to the diffraction angle spectrum theory, the exit pupil plane is propagated to the anterior surface of the cornea before the wave is calculated, and the contact of the cornea is obtained through the propagation of the tear lens and in the contact lens of the cornea. The equivalent wave front aberration of the front surface of the mirror is obtained by using the least square method to obtain the front surface light of the contact lens for correcting the wavefront aberration of the wavefront. The optimal ring-surface type of the area of the cornea is obtained. The surface-type structure of the anterior and posterior surface optical areas of the designed corneal contact lens is calculated and fitted to obtain the most optimal contact lens for the cornea. Excellent ball, column degree, and astigmatic axis position angle. Comparison of the power of the tear mirror before the person's eye wave It is proved that the results of this method are credible. Compared with the precision of 0.125D of the traditional mirror, the result of this chapter is obtained in this chapter. The photometric accuracy is only 0.04D. In order to obtain the nerve-contrast sensitivity function of the human eye at the time frequency, the contrast sensitivity function at the full-eye time frequency is according to the correlation between the contrast sensitivity function and the modulation transfer function, the time frequency is obtained by numerical calculation, The results of the test show that, with the increase of the time frequency, the whole curve of the neural-contrast sensitivity function is greatly reduced, and a similar 鈥渨ith one's mouth鈥
本文編號：2313717
[Abstract]:Due to the complexity of the human eye refractive system, in addition to the low-order aberrations such as defocus and astigmatism, there are various non-regular high-order aberrations, which are also important factors for limiting the vision. The development of the pre-wave technique makes the optometry not limited to the defocus and astigmatism of the subjective optometry, and can also obtain the information including the high-order aberrations including the spherical aberration and the aberration, and the pre-wave technique makes the personalized visual correction possible. In addition, the vision system includes two parts of the optical system of the eye and the nervous system after the retina, and the imaging quality of the whole vision system is evaluated in sections, and the premise and the purpose of the visual correction treatment are the visual system. The acquisition of the nerve-contrast sensitivity function can provide the basis for the early detection and timely treatment of many ophthalmic diseases. In this paper, in order to correct the human eye aberration as the main research direction and to apply the wavefront aberration technique, the design method based on the frame glasses and the contact lens of the cornea as the visual correction means and the evaluation of the visual function are as follows. Study: The ball-column is designed In the optical design software ZEMAX, the structure of the pre-wave ball-column type glasses is designed, and the correction scheme is given, and the existing literature method is simulated. In contrast, the refractive index of the method is proved. The method of designing the lens with the eye model is more suitable for the analysis of the rotation of the lens-eye system at different angles of view and the eyeball By modeling and analyzing the randomly selected 50 human eyes, 36 eyes were found to be corrected with such a ball-column lens to achieve a good visual effect; 14 eyes only-post-correction imaging improvement was not obvious, and other surface-type was still needed. Further, by improving the standard eye model of Liou, using the measured wavefront aberration data of the human eye, introducing the defocus into the lens and the vitreous, the astigmatism and the high-order aberration are introduced into the cornea, and the human eye regulation is established. The invention relates to an individual eye model with characteristics, aiming at the refraction correction design of an individual eye with a large high-order aberration which is not effective in the correction of a ball-column lens, a specific field of view is required to characterize the visual object of the human eye, in the design of the lens, aiming at the human eyes with different aberration characteristics, the lens is designed as an aspheric-ring surface type, and the lens The results show that, for the eyes with larger astigmatism and larger spherical aberration, the correction of the aspherical lens is effective, and the improvement of the large field of view is especially obvious; for the high-order aberrations, especially the eye-eye and the free-curved-type glasses with higher higher-order aberrations, especially the low-order aberration and the clover-like aberration The correction is most effective not only in the significant improvement of the imaging quality of the large field of view, but also for the center 0 擄 field of view. The improvement of the image is also effective, which is based on the characteristics of the human eye, the method of using the special-surface-type design lens, and the vision of the human eye with large astigmatism and high-order aberrations. In this paper, an objective measurement data acquisition angle based on the visual light of the eye is proposed. according to the actual measured corneal topography data, the optimal spherical or ring-surface fitting on the anterior surface of the cornea is obtained by using the MATLAB software programming, so that the contact lens of the cornea is designed, The surface-type structure of the posterior surface optical zone. According to the measured wavefront aberration data of the human eye, according to the diffraction angle spectrum theory, the exit pupil plane is propagated to the anterior surface of the cornea before the wave is calculated, and the contact of the cornea is obtained through the propagation of the tear lens and in the contact lens of the cornea. The equivalent wave front aberration of the front surface of the mirror is obtained by using the least square method to obtain the front surface light of the contact lens for correcting the wavefront aberration of the wavefront. The optimal ring-surface type of the area of the cornea is obtained. The surface-type structure of the anterior and posterior surface optical areas of the designed corneal contact lens is calculated and fitted to obtain the most optimal contact lens for the cornea. Excellent ball, column degree, and astigmatic axis position angle. Comparison of the power of the tear mirror before the person's eye wave It is proved that the results of this method are credible. Compared with the precision of 0.125D of the traditional mirror, the result of this chapter is obtained in this chapter. The photometric accuracy is only 0.04D. In order to obtain the nerve-contrast sensitivity function of the human eye at the time frequency, the contrast sensitivity function at the full-eye time frequency is according to the correlation between the contrast sensitivity function and the modulation transfer function, the time frequency is obtained by numerical calculation, The results of the test show that, with the increase of the time frequency, the whole curve of the neural-contrast sensitivity function is greatly reduced, and a similar 鈥渨ith one's mouth鈥
本文編號：2313717
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