本文選題：中小學生 + 視力不良　； 參考：《天津醫(yī)科大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的在過去的幾十年中,世界上許多國家都進行了有關(guān)學生視力及相關(guān)影響因素的研究,多項研究顯示中國學生的視力不良情況極其嚴峻。2014年天津市體質(zhì)調(diào)研結(jié)果顯示天津市學生的近視檢出率高達66.3%。本研究旨在描述天津市中小學生視力現(xiàn)狀,比較不同年齡、性別學生的視力不良情況,并通過調(diào)查中小學生在近距離工作時的工作距離、時長、姿勢等現(xiàn)狀,探討中小學生近距離工作現(xiàn)況及其與視力不良之間的關(guān)系,從而提出切實可行的預防視力不良的方案。方法采用分層整群隨機抽樣的方法確定研究對象。于2016年9-12月在天津市兩個市區(qū)共抽取五所學校的在校學生進行調(diào)查,其中包含三所小學(1-6年級)以及兩所中學(7-12年級)學生,共2092人。由專業(yè)人員采用標準對數(shù)視力表對研究對象進行視力檢查,學生任一眼裸眼視力低于5.0為視力不良;并對研究對象進行問卷調(diào)查,問卷內(nèi)容包括:學生的基本信息,如姓名、性別、出生日期等社會人口學信息;學生的近距離工作情況,如讀寫時長、距離以及近距離工作時的用眼習慣等。所有數(shù)據(jù)采用EpiData3.1進行錄入,并進行邏輯性檢驗;采用SPSS 20.0進行統(tǒng)計分析,使用的方法包括Z檢驗、卡方檢驗、秩相關(guān)、卡方趨勢檢驗及l(fā)ogistic回歸分析等,以P0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。結(jié)果本次共調(diào)查學生2092人,男生女生比例為1:1。天津市市區(qū)中小學生總體視力不良檢出率為59.8%,其中輕度視力不良檢出率為9.3%,中度視力不良檢出率為20.2%,重度視力不良檢出率為30.4%。天津市中小視力不良檢出率隨年齡的增長而呈上升趨勢(c2=275.076,P0.001),10-13歲學生視力不良檢出率增長最為明顯。天津市女生視力不良檢出率為64.9%,男生為54.8%,女生高于男生,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(c2=22.351,P0.001)。天津市中小學生在讀寫時眼睛距書本距離≤30cm的學生占比高達86.7%,平均每日讀寫時長為4.9(2.8,8.1)h,天津市中小學生在讀寫時約有30.6%的學生存在歪頭情況;天津市中小學生中有85.0%的學生使用手機,使用手機時眼睛距屏幕距離≤30cm的學生高達83.6%,天津市中小學生使用手機時長≥0.5h的學生占58.2%,使用手機姿勢不正確的學生占27.7%;天津市中小學生中有56.9%的學生使用平板電腦,使用平板電腦時眼睛距屏幕距離≤30cm的學生高達78.6%,使用平板電腦時長≥0.5h的學生占29.2%,使用平板電腦姿勢不正確的學生占比為29.3%;天津市中小學生中有64.2%的學生使用電腦,使用電腦時距離≤50cm的學生占比為59.4%,使用電腦時長≥0.5h的學生占23.4%,使用電腦姿勢不正確的學生占5.8%;高達75.6%的學生連續(xù)近距離工作時長超過半小時;有約40.7%的學生有在暗環(huán)境下使用電子產(chǎn)品的習慣。視力不良相關(guān)影響因素的單因素分析顯示:學生讀寫時歪頭(c2=28.541,P0.001)、讀寫時長越長(Z=3.616,P0.001)、讀寫距離≤30cm(c2=20.590,P=0.968)、使用手機(c2=20.083,P0.001)、使用手機姿勢不當(c2=13.772,P0.001)、使用手機距離≤30cm(c2=10.026,P0.05)、使用手機時長≥0.5h(c2=45.623,P0.001)、使用平板電腦(c2=8.353,P0.05)、使用平板電腦距離≤30cm(c2=8.569,P0.05)、使用電腦(c2=3.928,P0.05)、近距離工作持續(xù)時長≥0.5h(c2=31.315,P0.001)、有暗環(huán)境下使用電子產(chǎn)品習慣(c2=31.109,P0.001)等因素是學生視力不良的危險因素。經(jīng)多因素logistic回歸分析檢驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)天津市中小學生視力不良的危險因素有:(1)學生讀寫距離;(2)學生使用手機時長;(3)學生讀寫時長。結(jié)論(1)2016年天津市中小學生的視力不良檢出率為59.8%,且存在年齡、性別、年級段的差異。(2)天津市中小學生近距離工作現(xiàn)況令人擔憂,存在工作時間過長、姿勢不正確、距離過近等問題。(3)近距離工作是天津市中小學生視力不良的危險因素,讀寫時長、讀寫距離、使用手機時長尤其值得注意。實行相應(yīng)的預防對策,改善天津市學生的視力狀況迫在眉睫。
[Abstract]:Objective in the past few decades, many countries in the world have conducted research on students' eyesight and related factors. A number of studies show that the poor vision of Chinese students is extremely severe in.2014 years in the city of Tianjin. The results of Tianjin city's physical investigation show that the prevalence of myopia in Tianjin is up to 66.3%.. This study aims to describe the small and medium-sized Tianjin city. The students' visual acuity is compared with the students of different ages and the poor eyesight of the students. By investigating the working distance, length and posture of the primary and middle school students, the relationship between the present condition of the primary and middle school students and the relationship with the poor vision is discussed, so as to put forward a practical and feasible scheme to prevent the poor vision. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to determine the subjects. In 9-12 months of 2016, a total of five school students were selected from three primary schools (grade 1-6) and two middle school (7-12 grade) students, including 2092 students. The standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for the study. The students' visual acuity was less than 5 in any eye, and a questionnaire was conducted on the subjects. The contents of the questionnaire included the basic information of the students, such as name, sex, date of birth, and other social demography information; the student's close work, such as reading and writing long, distance, and eye use. EpiData3.1 was used for entry and logical test, and SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. The methods used included Z test, chi square test, rank correlation, chi square trend test and logistic regression analysis. The difference was statistically significant in P0.05. The results were 2092 students in this study, and the proportion of boys and girls was in the city of Tianjin city. The prevalence rate of poor visual acuity in primary school students was 59.8%, of which the detection rate of mild vision poor was 9.3%, the detection rate of moderate poor vision was 20.2%. The detection rate of severe poor vision was 30.4%. in Tianjin City, the positive rate of poor vision was up with the increase of age (c2=275.076, P0.001), and the rate of poor vision detection rate in 10-13 year old students increased most. The detection rate of poor eyesight in Tianjin girls was 64.9%, boys were 54.8%, girls were higher than boys, the difference was statistically significant (c2=22.351, P0.001). Students in Tianjin were 86.7%, 4.9 (2.8,8.1) h for reading and writing, and 30 in reading and writing in Tianjin. Among the students in.6%, 85% of the primary and middle school students in Tianjin used their mobile phones, and 83.6% of the students with the distance to the screen with the distance to the screen when using their mobile phones were up to 83.6%. The students who used the mobile phone longer than 0.5h in Tianjin accounted for 58.2%, and 27.7% of the students used the incorrect mobile phone position, and 56.9% of the primary and middle school students in Tianjin were students. Using tablet computers, the students with the distance from the screen to the screen are up to 78.6% when using a tablet computer, 29.2% of the students with a tablet longer than 0.5h and 29.3% with the incorrect posture of the tablet computer; 64.2% of the students in Tianjin's primary and middle school use the electroencephalogram, and the students with the distance less than 50cm are 59.4. %, 23.4% of the students with a computer with longer than 0.5h, 5.8% with incorrect computer posture, and 75.6% of the students who were more than half an hour long, and about 40.7% of the students had a habit of using electronic products in a dark environment. 8.541, P0.001), the longer the reading and writing (Z=3.616, P0.001), the reading and writing distance less than 30cm (c2=20.590, P=0.968), the use of the mobile phone (c2=20.083, P0.001), the improper posture of the mobile phone (c2=13.772, P0.001), the use of the mobile phone distance less than 30cm (c2=10.026,), the use of a tablet, and the use of a tablet computer. The brain distance is less than 30cm (c2=8.569, P0.05), using the computer (c2=3.928, P0.05), the length of the close distance work is more than 0.5h (c2=31.315, P0.001). The use of electronic product habit (c2=31.109, P0.001) in dark environment is the risk factor for students' poor vision. Through multi factor Logistic regression analysis, it is found that the students in Tianjin are poor eyesight. The risk factors are: (1) students reading and writing distance; (2) students using mobile phone long; (3) students reading and writing long. Conclusion (1) the detection rate of poor students in Tianjin in 2016 is 59.8%, and there is age, sex, grade differences. (2) the present condition of the middle and primary school students in Tianjin is worrying, long working time and incorrect posture, Distance and other problems. (3) close work is the risk factor of poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Tianjin. It is especially worth paying attention to the length of reading and writing, reading and writing distance and the use of mobile phone. It is imminent to carry out the corresponding preventive measures to improve the vision of students in Tianjin.
【學位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R778.11

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