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高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲應(yīng)用于兔眼角膜矯正老視的初步研究

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  本文選題:老視 + 高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲 ; 參考:《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文


【摘要】:目的:利用高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲(HighIntensityFocusedUltrasound,HIFU)定位輻照新鮮離體兔眼角膜基質(zhì),在HIFU不同的輻照功率下,分別制作不同直徑的圓環(huán)狀焦域,觀察HIFU對(duì)新鮮離體兔眼角膜組織形態(tài)、角膜曲率半徑和曲率的影響,探討HIFU應(yīng)用于兔眼角膜矯正老視的安全性與有效性,建立HIFU輻照新鮮離體兔眼角膜基質(zhì)的適宜參數(shù),為HIFU矯正老視提供基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。 方法:HIFU輻照離體兔眼角膜動(dòng)物模型的構(gòu)建;實(shí)驗(yàn)選用新鮮離體兔眼,分為對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組,對(duì)照組兔眼未行任何實(shí)驗(yàn)處理做正?瞻讓(duì)照,實(shí)驗(yàn)組:HIFU在相同的治療時(shí)間(6s)下,以1w、2w、3w、4w不同功率定位輻照兔眼角膜基質(zhì),分別制作不同直徑(8mm,9mm,10mm)的圓環(huán)狀焦域,大體觀察角膜焦域情況,HE染色光鏡下觀察角膜基質(zhì)焦域情況,Digimizer軟件測(cè)量焦域的最大長(zhǎng)徑和最大寬徑,電鏡下觀察對(duì)照組、1w/9mm組和3w/9mm組角膜焦域內(nèi)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞及纖維改變情況,自動(dòng)驗(yàn)光儀及角膜地形圖檢測(cè)輻照前后1w/9mm組和3w/9mm組兔眼角膜的曲率半徑和曲率。 結(jié)果:1.成功構(gòu)建HIFU輻照離體兔眼角膜的動(dòng)物模型。2.HIFU定位輻照角膜基質(zhì),不同輻照功率在角膜上可分別制作不同直徑(8mm,,9mm,10mm)的圓環(huán)狀焦域,大體觀察可見輻照處角膜呈灰白色、邊界清楚,輻照處角膜上皮無損傷。3.經(jīng)HIFU輻照后,光鏡下可見角膜基質(zhì)內(nèi)焦域呈橢圓形、顏色加深、邊界清楚,基質(zhì)內(nèi)HIFU輻照處板層纖維排列規(guī)則、纖維之間出現(xiàn)融合,輻照處邊界纖維呈現(xiàn)收縮狀態(tài),2w/8mm組、3w/8mm組、3w/9mm、3w/10mm組、4w/8mm組、4w/9mm和4w/10mm組角膜焦域內(nèi)融合纖維之間的間隔減小、焦域邊界纖維收縮明顯,焦域內(nèi)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞體積與未輻照區(qū)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞體積相比明顯減小。焦域環(huán)直徑相同時(shí)、焦域的最大長(zhǎng)徑與寬徑隨輻照功率的增大而增大,各實(shí)驗(yàn)組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05);輻照功率相同時(shí)、焦域的最大長(zhǎng)徑隨焦域環(huán)直徑的增大而減小,各實(shí)驗(yàn)組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。4.電鏡結(jié)果表明1w/9mm組角膜基質(zhì)焦域內(nèi)細(xì)胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)正常、纖維輕度彎曲,而3w/9mm組焦域內(nèi)細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)線粒體和細(xì)胞質(zhì)的溶解、纖維之間扭曲交錯(cuò)明顯。5.自動(dòng)驗(yàn)光儀檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示:HIFU輻照角膜基質(zhì)后兔眼角膜曲率半徑減小、曲率增加,輻照前后差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05);在焦域環(huán)直徑相同的情況下,隨HIFU輻照功率的增大,兔眼角膜曲率半徑減小及曲率增加更明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。角膜地形圖檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明:無論HIFU輻照功率高低,HIFU輻照后均可引起角膜曲率的增加。 結(jié)論:1.HIFU可精確定位于角膜基質(zhì)層內(nèi),輻照處與未輻照處有著明確分界線,HIFU對(duì)輻照區(qū)外鄰近正常組織無明顯影響,表明HIFU在兔眼角膜上進(jìn)行無創(chuàng)矯正老視的探索模式具有損傷少、定位精確的特點(diǎn),提示HIFU應(yīng)用于兔眼角膜無創(chuàng)矯正老視具有巨大應(yīng)用前景。2.本實(shí)驗(yàn)認(rèn)為1w/8mm組、1w/9mm組、1w/10mm組、2w/9mm組和2w/10mm組形成的角膜基質(zhì)內(nèi)焦域大小適宜,焦域內(nèi)僅纖維出現(xiàn)收縮改變、未見細(xì)胞損害,適合輻照離體兔眼角膜基質(zhì)用于老視矯正模型,從組織形態(tài)學(xué)觀察結(jié)果來看,其具有較高的安全性,為HIFU矯正老視的后續(xù)研究提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)與依據(jù)。3.HIFU熱效應(yīng)能使兔眼角膜基質(zhì)膠原纖維收縮,產(chǎn)生角膜前凸效應(yīng),兔眼角膜曲率半徑減小、曲率增加,且隨輻照功率的增大角膜曲率增加更明顯,HIFU有望成為一種有效矯正老視的新方法。
[Abstract]:Objective: to locate the corneal stroma in fresh rabbit eyes by HighIntensityFocusedUltrasound (HIFU), and to make the circular focal region of different diameter at different radiation power of HIFU, and observe the effect of HIFU on the corneal morphology, radius of curvature and curvature of cornea in fresh rabbit eyes, and discuss the application of HIFU to the cornea of fresh rabbit eyes. To correct the safety and effectiveness of the cornea of rabbit's cornea, the appropriate parameters of HIFU irradiated corneal stroma in fresh rabbit eyes were set up to provide basic experimental data for HIFU correction of old vision.
Methods: HIFU irradiated rabbit corneal animal models were constructed. The experimental rabbits were divided into the control group and the experimental group, the control group was divided into the control group and the experimental group. The control group was not treated with any experimental treatment to do normal blank control. The experimental group: under the same treatment time (6S), the rabbit cornea matrix was irradiated with 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, and the rabbit cornea matrix was irradiated with 1W, 2W, 3W and 4W, respectively. The circular focal region of different diameters (8mm, 9mm, 10mm) was used to observe the focal region of the cornea. The focal region of the corneal stroma was observed under the HE staining light microscope. The maximum diameter and maximum width of the focal region were measured by the Digimizer software. The changes of matrix cells and fiber in the corneal focal area of the 1w/9mm and 3w/9mm groups were observed under the electron microscope. The automatic optometry and angle were observed. The curvature radius and curvature of cornea in group 1w/9mm and 3w/9mm before and after irradiation were detected by membrane topography.
Results: 1. the animal model of cornea of HIFU irradiated rabbit cornea was successfully constructed by.2.HIFU location irradiated corneal stroma. Different radiation power could be used to produce circular focal region of different diameter (8mm, 9mm, 10mm) on the cornea. The cornea was gray white, the boundary was clear, and the cornea epithelium was irradiated without damage of.3. after irradiation by HIFU. Under the microscope, the focal area of the corneal stroma was oval, the color deepened, the boundary was clear, the lamellar fibers arranged at the HIFU irradiation in the matrix, the fiber appeared to be fused, the boundary fibers in the radiation were contracted, the 2w/8mm, 3w/8mm, 3w/9mm, 3w/10mm, 4w/8mm, and the focal area of the corneal focal region of 4w/9mm and 4w/10mm were reduced. At the same time, the maximum diameter and width of the focal region increase with the increase of the radiation power, and the difference of the experimental groups is statistically significant (P0.05). The maximum diameter of the focal region with the same radiation power is with the maximum diameter of the focal region. The diameter of the focal region was reduced, and the difference between the experimental groups was statistically significant (P0.05). The results of.4. electron microscopy showed that the cells in the focal area of the corneal stroma of the 1w/9mm group were normal and the fibers were slightly curved, while the cells in the 3w/9mm group were dissolved in the mitochondria and cytoplasm, and the twisted interlaced.5. automatic optometrer detection junction between the fibers was observed. The results showed that the radius of curvature of cornea was reduced and the curvature of cornea increased after HIFU irradiated corneal stroma, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05) before and after irradiation. With the same diameter of the focal region, the corneal curvature radius and curvature increased with the increase of HIFU radiation power, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The results showed that no matter the HIFU irradiation power, the corneal curvature could be increased after HIFU irradiation.
Conclusion: 1.HIFU can be accurately located in the corneal stroma layer, and there is a clear dividing line between the irradiated and unirradiated areas. HIFU has no obvious influence on the adjacent normal tissues outside the irradiated area. It shows that the exploration mode of HIFU in the cornea of rabbit's cornea is characterized by little damage and accurate positioning, suggesting that HIFU is applied to the corneal noninvasive correction of rabbit's cornea. Presbyopia has great potential application prospect.2. this experiment thinks that the focal area of corneal stroma formed in group 1w/8mm, group 1w/9mm, 1w/10mm, 2w/9mm and 2w/10mm is suitable for the size of focal area in the corneal stroma, the only fiber in the focal region is changed and no cell damage is found. It is suitable to irradiate the cornea matrix of the rabbit eye in vitro for the old visual correction model. It has high safety. It provides experimental basis for the follow-up study of HIFU correction presbyopia and the thermal effect of.3.HIFU can make the cornea matrix collagen fibers contract and produce the corneal lordosis effect. The radius of curvature of cornea of rabbit's eyes decreases, the curvature of cornea is increased, and the increase of corneal curvature is more obvious with the increase of radiation power. HIFU is expected to become a kind. A new way to correct presbyopia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:R772.2

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