本文選題：圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳 + 人耳聽覺系統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為感音神經(jīng)性聽力損傷的有效治療手段,近年來,人工中耳取得了較大的發(fā)展。人工中耳將外界的聲信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化成機(jī)械信號(hào)后直接激勵(lì)聽骨鏈或圓窗,以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)患者聽力的補(bǔ)償,具有語音清晰度高,無聲反饋小和高頻增益強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)人工中耳如砧骨激勵(lì)式和鼓膜激勵(lì)式人工中耳等,需要依賴完整的聽骨鏈,然而,一些感音神經(jīng)性聽力損傷患者還伴有聽骨鏈損壞的傳導(dǎo)性聾,導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)人工中耳裝置難以有效地補(bǔ)償患者聽力。而基于耳蝸逆向激勵(lì)原理設(shè)計(jì)的圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳避開了聽骨鏈,直接激振耳蝸圓窗,從而有效地避免上述問題。現(xiàn)有的臨床報(bào)道顯示,圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳對(duì)不同患者的植入效果具有較大的差異,且其增益明顯低于理論預(yù)期。此外,國內(nèi)尚未有任何一款人工中耳產(chǎn)品問世,而我國聽力損傷患者人口眾多,因此,有必要開發(fā)出一套能夠穩(wěn)定、有效補(bǔ)償患者聽力的圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳。為解決上述問題,本文對(duì)圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳傳聲力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行研究,從設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)和患者自身病情兩方面對(duì)圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳所表現(xiàn)出差異性的原因進(jìn)行探究,并提高其輸出增益,為開發(fā)出一套高性價(jià)比的圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳打下理論基礎(chǔ),具體如下:首先,本文采用CT和逆向成型技術(shù)建立了人耳有限元模型,并對(duì)該模型的響應(yīng)特性如基底膜選頻特性等進(jìn)行計(jì)算,驗(yàn)證了其可信度;其次,基于該人耳有限元模型,系統(tǒng)分析了振子橫截面積、振子質(zhì)量、振子支撐剛度、隔膜厚度、隔膜楊氏模量及圓窗上初始預(yù)壓力的變化對(duì)圓窗激振式人工中耳聽力補(bǔ)償性能的影響,并提出對(duì)該類人工中耳優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的建議;然后,探究了部分聽骨鏈缺失以及耳硬化癥等典型傳導(dǎo)性病變對(duì)圓窗激勵(lì)效果的影響,指出應(yīng)具有針對(duì)性地提高圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳激振力輸出,使它的實(shí)際增益滿足理論預(yù)期;最后,自行搭建用于測試圓窗激勵(lì)式人工中耳對(duì)聽力的補(bǔ)償效果的實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),基于該實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),測試所選壓電疊堆的動(dòng)態(tài)性能,并采用簡化物理模型模擬圓窗,驗(yàn)證了基于有限元模型計(jì)算的振子橫截面積的變化、引入隔膜與否對(duì)圓窗激勵(lì)效果在趨勢上的影響。
[Abstract]:As an effective treatment for sensorineural hearing impairment, artificial middle ear has made great progress in recent years. The artificial middle ear converts the external sound signal into mechanical signal and directly stimulates the auditory chain or round window to realize the compensation of the patient's hearing. It has the characteristics of high speech clarity, small silent feedback and strong high frequency gain. Traditional artificial middle ears, such as incus stimulation and tympanic membrane stimulation, need to rely on complete auditory chain. However, some patients with sensorineural hearing loss also have conductive deafness due to auditory chain damage. As a result, the traditional artificial middle ear device is difficult to compensate the patients' hearing effectively. However, the circular window driven artificial middle ear based on the reverse excitation principle of cochlea avoids the ossicular chain and directly stimulates the cochlear window, thus effectively avoiding the above problems. The current clinical reports show that there are great differences in the effect of circular window stimulation artificial middle ear implantation in different patients, and its gain is obviously lower than the theoretical expectation. In addition, there has not been any artificial middle ear product in China, and there is a large population of hearing loss patients in China. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a round window inspired artificial middle ear which can stabilize and effectively compensate the hearing of patients. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the acoustic mechanical characteristics of the round window stimulated artificial middle ear, and explores the reasons for the difference of the round window inspired artificial middle ear from the two aspects of design parameters and patient's condition. And improve its output gain, lay a theoretical foundation for developing a set of high performance-price ratio circular window excitation artificial middle ear. The details are as follows: firstly, the finite element model of human ear is established by using CT and reverse molding technology. The reliability of the model is verified by calculating the response characteristics of the model, such as the frequency selection characteristics of the substrate membrane. Secondly, based on the finite element model of the ear, the transverse area, the mass, the stiffness and the thickness of the diaphragm are systematically analyzed. The influence of Young's modulus of diaphragm and initial prepressure on the hearing compensation performance of round window induced artificial middle ear, and some suggestions for optimal design of this kind of artificial middle ear are put forward. This paper probes into the influence of some typical conductive diseases such as ossicular chain loss and ear sclerosis on the stimulation effect of round window. It is pointed out that the output of stimulating force of round window type artificial middle ear should be improved in order to make its actual gain meet the theoretical expectation. Finally, the experiment bench is built to test the hearing compensation effect of the round window stimulation artificial middle ear. Based on the experiment platform, the dynamic performance of the selected piezoelectric stack is tested, and the circular window is simulated by a simplified physical model. The change of the cross section area of the oscillator based on the finite element model is verified, and the influence of the diaphragm or not on the trend of the excitation effect of the circular window is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R764;R318.1

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