本文選題：有限元分析 + 寰椎椎弓根螺釘��； 參考：《第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的:1、運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)有限元的方法建立正常骨密度、骨質(zhì)疏松寰椎模型,為進(jìn)一步研究寰椎后路螺釘生物力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性建立可靠有效的平臺(tái)。2、在已建立模型上比較兩種寰椎后路螺釘技術(shù)分別在單皮質(zhì)和雙皮質(zhì)置釘方式下的穩(wěn)定性,探討骨密度變化對(duì)寰椎后路螺釘生物力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性的影響。研究方法:以一名成年男性志愿者枕骨至第三頸椎(C0-C3)的CT資料逆向重建出頸椎的三維點(diǎn)云模型,以專業(yè)建模軟件建立幾何實(shí)體模型,再將其導(dǎo)入Hypermesh 12中根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道參數(shù)以及參數(shù)換算公式設(shè)置材料屬性,獲得正常骨密度、骨質(zhì)疏松的寰椎模型,最后與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的有限元模型對(duì)比驗(yàn)證。在所建立的寰椎正常骨密度、骨質(zhì)疏松有限元模型上,按寰椎椎弓根螺釘(C1pedicle screws,C1PS)、寰椎側(cè)塊螺釘(C1 lateral mass screws,C1LMS)技術(shù)分別在單皮質(zhì)和雙皮質(zhì)置釘方式下進(jìn)行裝配,然后在Abaqus6.9軟件中模擬螺釘?shù)妮S向拔出的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程,記錄“骨-螺釘”界面應(yīng)力-位移曲線圖并分析其力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性。結(jié)果:1、建立了具有61101個(gè)單元和18900個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的完整寰椎有限元模型(圖1-2和圖1-3),通過(guò)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道中的有限元模型對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了所建模型的合理性。2、正常骨密度條件下,雙皮質(zhì)C1PS把持力最好,單皮質(zhì)C1LMS把持力最差,兩者相差約83%。骨質(zhì)疏松條件下,雙皮質(zhì)C1PS把持力最好,單皮質(zhì)C1LMS把持力最差,兩者相差約199%。雙皮質(zhì)和單皮質(zhì)C1PS在骨質(zhì)疏松條件下最大拔出力比正常骨密度時(shí)降低了約40%和48%。而單皮質(zhì)和雙皮質(zhì)C1LMS在同種情況下則降低了約63%和64%。結(jié)論:骨質(zhì)疏松時(shí)皮質(zhì)骨、松質(zhì)骨強(qiáng)度均下降,對(duì)于寰椎后路螺釘?shù)姆�(wěn)定性均有所影響,但是寰椎椎弓根螺釘軸向拔出力下降程度低于側(cè)塊螺釘;寰椎椎弓根螺釘?shù)目拱纬鰬?yīng)力主要集中在后弓至側(cè)塊的連接部即“椎弓根”,且此時(shí)單皮質(zhì)置釘或雙皮質(zhì)置釘軸向拔出力相差不大,故對(duì)于骨質(zhì)疏松的患者使用單皮質(zhì)椎弓根螺釘更為合理。
[Abstract]:Objective to establish a model of atlas vertebra with normal bone density and osteoporosis by computer finite element method. In order to further study the biomechanical stability of posterior atlas screw, a reliable and effective platform. To investigate the effect of bone mineral density on biomechanical stability of posterior atlas screw. Methods: the 3D point cloud model of cervical vertebrae was reconstructed from occipital to third cervical spine (C0-C3) CT data of an adult male volunteer, and the geometric solid model was established by professional modeling software. The atlas model of normal bone density and osteoporosis was obtained by introducing it into HyperMesh 12 according to the reported parameters and the conversion formula of parameters. Finally, it was compared with the finite element model reported in the literature. In the established finite element model of atlas normal bone mineral density and osteoporosis, according to C1pedicle screwsC1PS and C1 lateral mass screwsC1LMS, they were assembled with single cortex and double cortex respectively. Then the dynamic process of axial pull-out of screw was simulated in Abaqus6.9 software, and the stress-displacement curve of "bone-screw" interface was recorded and its mechanical stability was analyzed. Results: 1, a complete finite element model of atlas with 61101 elements and 18900 nodes was established (figure 1-2 and figure 1-3), and the rationality of the model was verified by comparing it with the finite element model reported in the literature. The biocortical C1PS was the best, and the monocortex C1LMS was the worst, the difference was about 83%. Under the condition of osteoporosis, the biocortical C1PS was the best, and the monocortex C1LMS was the worst, the difference between them was about 1999. The maximal pullout force of bicortex and monocortical C1PS was about 40% and 48% lower than that of normal BMD under osteoporosis. The C _ 1 LMS of monocortex and biocortex decreased by 63% and 64% in the same condition. Conclusion: the strength of cortical bone and cancellous bone decreased during osteoporosis, which affected the stability of posterior atlas screw, but the axial pull-out force of atlas pedicle screw was lower than that of lateral mass screw. The anti-pull-out stress of atlas pedicle screw was mainly concentrated in the joint between the posterior arch and lateral mass, that is, "pedicle screw", and the axial pull-out force of single cortical screw or double-cortical screw had little difference at this time. Therefore, it is more reasonable to use single cortical pedicle screw in patients with osteoporosis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R687.3

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